#Potatovarieties #Belarusianagriculture #Foodsecurity #Plantbreeding #Agriculturalinnovation #Potatoyield #Cropscience
Thola ukuthi ososayensi baseBelarusian e-Institute of Plant Breeding e-Shchuchin bakuguqula kanjani ukulima amazambane ngezinhlobo eziphakeme ezifana ne-“Pershatsvet,” “Skarb,” “Sapphire,” kanye “neLekar.” Hlola idatha yakamuva ngesivuno sabo samazambane aphule umlando kanye negalelo labo elibalulekile ekuvikelekeni kokudla kwezwe.
Enhliziyweni yeBelarus, i-Institute of Plant Breeding eShchuchin yenza igxathu elimangalisayo emkhakheni wokulima amazambane. Iminyaka eminingi, ososayensi babo abazinikele bebegxile ekuzaleni izinhlobo zamazambane afuywayo adlula ozakwabo abavela kwamanye amazwe. Kulo nyaka, amasimu abo okuhlola athela isivuno esingafinyelela ku-500 ehektheleni ngalinye.
U-Anastasiya Horbach, isakhamuzi saseShchuchin, uyisibonelo sokubambisana okuzuzisayo phakathi kwesikhungo nemiphakathi yendawo. Ubekela eceleni imisebenzi yakhe yansuku zonke ukuze ahlanganyele ekuvuneni amazambane, eqinisekisa ukuthi umkhaya wakhe uthola amazambane ebusika.
U-Anastasiya Horbach, Isakhamuzi saseShchuchin: “Isivuno, njengoba ubona, sikhulu. Abanye baqoqa amazambane amakhulu, kuyilapho abanye beqoqa izithombo. Ukusebenza lapha kuqinisekisa ukuthi wena nomndeni wakho nizoba namazambane anele ebusika.”
I-Institute of Plant Breeding ibilokhu izalanisa ngenkuthalo izinhlobo ezintsha zamazambane iminyaka. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo, ikakhulukazi eziphakeme kanye ne-super-elite, zisuka ku-Belarusian, kusukela ku-"Skarb" eyaziwa kakhulu "ku-Sapphire" ne-"Lekar" engavamile.
UNina Khokh, iNhloko yoMnyango Wamazambane e-Grodno Zonal Institute of Plant Breeding, i-National Academy of Sciences yaseBelarus: “Okwamanje, sivuna imbewu yokuqala. Sithola amathani angama-50-60 wembewu yamazambane nsuku zonke, ahlungwe anikezwe amabhizinisi ezolimo nasemapulazini ezweni lonke. Siphinde sasungula ozakwethu eRussian Federation.”
Ososayensi bezolimo bazama izinhlobo zamazambane ngokwezikhathi zokuvuthwa kwazo. Izinhlobo zakuqala, zamaphakathi nesizini, nezakamuva zonke zibonisa isivuno esihle.
Lesi sikhungo sesivele savuna uhlobo lokuqala lwaseBelarusian olubizwa ngokuthi “Pershatsvet.” Mayelana nesivuno, ingaqhudelana nezinhlobo zakwamanye amazwe, ikhiqize ama-quintals afika ku-500 ihektha ngalinye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuya ngokunambitheka, idlula ozakwabo abavela kwamanye amazwe.
Wonke amazambane avuniwe athuthelwa endaweni ekhethekile yokugcina izinto. Ngonyaka odlule, lesi sikhungo senziwe ngesimanjemanje, sakhulisa umthamo waso wokugcina usuka ku-2,000 kuya ku-3,000 wamathani futhi usihlomisa ngemishini yesimanje. Amazambane apholiswa kancane kancane aze afike ku-2-3 degrees Celsius emakamelweni akhethekile, eqinisekisa izinga lawo kuze kube sekuvuneni okulandelayo.
URegina Babich, Umphathi Wesikhungo Sokugcina Amazambane eGrodno Zonal Institute of Plant Breeding, National Academy of Sciences yaseBelarus: “Leli gumbi ligcina amathani angama-400 wamazambane futhi ligcinwa ezingeni lokushisa elingu-16 degrees ngesikhathi sokuphulukiswa. Izinga lokushisa lehla ngedigri eyodwa ngesikhathi ngasinye esidlulayo.”
Ngaphezu kokukhiqizwa kwembewu yamazambane ngobuningi, lesi sikhungo sisebenza ngokuzikhandla ekwakheni izinhlobo ezintsha zamazambane. Lezi zitshalo zitshalwa ekuqaleni kumashubhu okuhlola bese zifundwa ezimeni zasensimini iminyaka eminingana.
U-Maria Osovik, Inhloko Yelabhorethri Ye-Agrobiotechnology e-Grodno Zonal Institute of Plant Breeding, i-National Academy of Sciences yase-Belarus: “Sisebenzisana ne-Potato Research Centre ekuzaleni izinhlobo ezintsha. Basinikeza ama-hybrids, esiwafunda iminyaka emibili kuya kwemithathu. Sihlola isivuno sazo uma siqhathanisa nezindinganiso zethu bese sinquma ukuthi sizozihlukanisa njengezinhlobo ezintsha noma cha.”
Lezi nzalo zimelela ikusasa elikude lokulima amazambane eBelarusian. Khonamanjalo, imbewu evunwa njengamanje eShchuchin izoqinisekisa ukuvikeleka kokudla kwezwe njengoba ihlela ukugcina amathani angaphezu kuka-5,000 amazambane aphambili ngonyaka ozayo.
Imizamo yososayensi e-Institute of Plant Breeding eShchuchin iguqula ukulima kwamazambane eBelarusian. Ukuzinikela kwabo ekukhuliseni izinhlobo zamazambane ezisezingeni eliphezulu, ukuzibophezela kwabo ekusunguleni izinto ezintsha, kanye negalelo labo ekuvikelekeni kokudla kuyancomeka. Ngokuvunwa okuqopha umlando kanye nokunambitheka okuphezulu, izinhlobo zamazambane zaseBelarusian azincintisani nje nezinto ezithengwayo kodwa zibeka izindinganiso ezintsha zezolimo zezwe. Njengoba beqhubeka nocwaningo lwabo kanye nokuhlola, ikusasa lokulima amazambane eBelarusian libukeka liqhakazile kunangaphambili.