Ngosizo oluvela ku-Multi-state Research Fund ye-National Institute of Food and Agriculture's Multi-state Research, abacwaningi bamanyuvesi angu-17 athola izibonelelo zomhlaba basebenza ndawonye ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo ezizenzakalelayo ezisebenza kahle ezitshalweni ezikhethekile ezidinga abasebenzi abaningi njengezithelo, imifino, amantongomane ezihlahla kanye nezitshalo zasenkulisa. . Indlela yokusebenzisana yezizwe eziningi isusa umthwalo wocwaningo nentuthuko isuka emkhakheni owodwa wezitshalo ezikhethekile futhi igqugquzela intuthuko enkulu.
I-automation isiza imboni yezitshalo ezikhethekile ukunqoba ukushoda kwezisebenzi, izinqumo zokuphatha kahle, ukonga izinsiza kanye nokuhlangabezana nesidingo esikhulayo. Ngokuvumelana ne-USDA Agriculture Innovation Agenda, intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe bokukhula, ukuvuna, ukuphatha, nokucubungula kudala ukonga okubalulekile kubalimi nakubathengi, kuyilapho kuthuthukisa ukusimama.
Ososayensi baseNyuvesi yaseFlorida bakha irobhothi elibala futhi lifake imephu yesithelo ezihlahleni zewolintshi, futhi abacwaningi baseNyuvesi yaseCalifornia-Davis benza amakalishi okukha izithelo ngamathuluzi afaka imephu yezithelo zasengadini. Le mishini ezenzakalelayo isize abalimi ukuthi babone ukuthi izinkinga zokukhiqiza zivela kuphi nokuthi zivela kuphi, ukuze benze izinqumo eziqondiwe, ezisebenzayo zokuphatha. Izilinganiso zesivuno ezinembile nazo zibalulekile ekuhleleni imishini yokuvuna nokwenza izinqumo zokumaketha.
Ukutholwa kwezifo okuzenzakalelayo kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuphatha kunganciphisa ukulahleka kwezitshalo. Ngokwesibonelo, ososayensi base-Iowa State University baqondisa ukwenziwa kobuchwepheshe obunciphisa ukukhukhuleka kwezibulala-zinambuzane. Ososayensi baseWashington State University benza ama-drones ukuze bavimbele izinyoni ezidla futhi zilimaze izitshalo zezithelo. Futhi, izisetshenziswa eziphathwa ngesandla eziklanywe abacwaningi baseNyuvesi yaseHawaii zinikeza abalimi bekhofi indlela eshibhile yokubona ukucindezeleka kwamanzi eqabunga nokwandisa ukuchelela.
Ukuze banqobe ukushoda kwezisebenzi futhi banciphise izindleko zabasebenzi, ososayensi baseWashington State University baklame umshini wokusonta irobhothi wama-hops, futhi abacwaningi baseNyuvesi yaseGeorgia bathuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obuzenzakalelayo obufinyelelekayo ukuze kuvunwe amajikijolo aluhlaza. Indlela entsha yokuthena enconywe i-Pennsylvania State University Extension inganciphisa isikhathi sokuthena ngo-42% futhi yonge u-$136 ihektare ngalinye. Ukuzenzakalela nakho kungenza umsebenzi ungabi yingozi kangako. Isibonelo, idivayisi yokusiza ukuvuna eklanywe e-Penn State isuse isitebhisi futhi yehlisa isikhathi abakhi bama-apula abasichitha esimweni esingesihle, esiyingozi sisuka ku-65% siye ku-43% wesikhathi sokukha.
Ukuzenzakalela ngeke kuthathe indawo yeso elibukhali labalimi abanekhono, kodwa lobu buchwepheshe buzonciphisa izindleko, buthuthukise ikhwalithi, futhi buqinisekise ukwaneliseka kwabathengi, kuyilapho bususa ubungozi bezempilo basepulazini, bukhulisa ukusebenza kahle, futhi bunciphise imithelela yemvelo.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nale phrojekthi exhaswe nge-USDA-NIFA: I-W2009: Ucwaningo Lwezinhlelo Ezididiyelwe Nokuthuthukiswa Kokuzenzakalela kanye Nenzwa Yokusimama Kwezitshalo Ezikhethekile (2013-2018).
Lolu cwaningo lusekela itimu ethi "value-added innovation" echazwe ku I-USDA Science Blueprintfuthi kusisondeza ekuhlangabezaneni nemigomo eshiwo kuyo I-Ajenda yezoLimo ye-USDA yokusungula.
Intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe, i-automation, kanye ne-remote sensing iyinhlangano ehlukanisayo, enkulu kwezesayensi enomthelela kwezolimo echazwe ku I-USDA Science Blueprint (I-PDF, 2.6 MB). I-Science Blueprint iqondisa izinto ezibalulekile zesayensi ze-USDA zeminyaka emi-5 ezayo, ukwakha kusukela empumelelweni edlule. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izilimo, izitshalo eziningi ezikhethekile zincike kakhulu emsebenzini wezolimo ukuze zikhiqize, zivune futhi zicutshungulwe. Lokhu kuyingxenye yochungechunge lwebhulogi olugqamisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kocwaningo ukuze kuthuthukiswe okuzenzakalelayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemishini kwezitshalo ezikhethekile.
-Sara Delheimer, Uhlelo Lwemithelela Yesikhwama Socwaningo Oluxhaswe yi-NIFA ku-NIFA Ucwaningo Nesayensi
Imizamo yezifundazwe eziningi kuwo wonke amaNyuvesi angu-17 anikezwa umhlaba igxile ekuzenzekeleni ukuze anqobe ukushoda kwezisebenzi, izinqumo zokuphatha kahle, ukonga izinsiza kanye nokuhlangabezana nesidingo esikhulayo sezitshalo ezikhethekile. Isithombe: Andre Daccache/UC Davis