Abaseshi bezitshalo nonjiniyela baseNyuvesi yaseFlorida basebenzisa ubuhlakani bokwenziwa ukuze bathole isifo kusenesikhathi ukuze abalimi abakhiqiza u-squash ehlobo bakwazi ukusilawula. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kunikeza abalimi ithuba lokulwa nesivuno esingcono.
I-squash yasehlobo nebusika itshalwa ngokuthengisa kulo lonke izwe, ikakhulukazi eningizimu-mpumalanga naseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeFlorida. Ngo-2019, abalimi baseFlorida bavune amahektare angama-7,700 35.4 we-squash, ngenani lokukhiqiza lama- $ XNUMX wezigidi, ngokusho kwe-USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service. Kodwa isifo se-powdery mildew, esivame emhlabeni wonke, singanciphisa isivuno.
"Indawo ekahle yokungenwa yimpuphu yisimo sezulu esinomswakama, ukutshala okunesibalo esikhulu kanye nomthunzi," kusho u-Yiannis Ampatzidis, umsizi kaprofesa we-UF/IFAS wobunjiniyela bezolimo kanye nebhayoloji kanye nombhali ngokubambisana we-UF/IFAS. ucwaningo olusha lokutholwa kusenesikhathi kwesikhutha, olushicilelwe kumagazini i-Biosystems Engineering.
Ocwaningweni, abacwaningi be-UF/IFAS basebenzisa isistimu yezinzwa enamathiselwe kuma-drones ukuze baqoqe idatha ye-spectral ye-powdery mildew ku-squash ehlobo emasimini nasemalebhu e-UF/IFAS Southwest Florida Research and Education Center.
Abacwaningi be-UF / IFAS basebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obungathembeli ezimpawu ezibonakalayo ukuze bathole i-powdery mildew, kusho u-Ampatzidis. Amehlo omuntu angabona kuphela ingxenye ekhanyayo ye-electromagnetic spectrum. Lobu buchwepheshe bungakwazi "ukubona" okwengeziwe. Ngakho-ke, abacwaningi basebenzise lolu cwaningo ukuhlonza ubude begagasi obungcono kakhulu bokutholwa kwe-powdery isikhutha - emaqabunga angenazo izimpawu noma abonisa izimpawu zakuqala.
Abacwaningi basebenzise ukufunda ngomshini - isethi engaphansi yobuhlakani bokwenziwa - "engakwazi ukufunda" kudatha ye-spectral ukuthola i-powdery mildew. Idatha yavela kuma-drones kanye nezinhlelo zokuzwa ezisekelwe phansi. Imodeli yokufunda ngomshini eqeqeshiwe ihlonze i-powdery mildew ezigabeni ezihlukene zokuthuthukiswa kwezifo, kusho u-Ampatzidis. Isistimu yokufunda ngomshini yakha imodeli yezibalo ukuze ibone impushana ngaphandle kokuhlelwa ngumuntu ukuze ilandele izinyathelo ezithile.
Ngezithombe nokuhlaziywa kwe-spectral reflectance yamaqabunga e-squash, ososayensi bathole i-powdery mayelana ne-95% yesikhathi. Eqinisweni, ngisho nangaphandle kwezimpawu ezibonakalayo zesifo, ubuchwepheshe bubonise abacwaningi lesi sifo 82% kuya ku-89% yesikhathi.
"Kubalulekile ukuhlonza i-powdery isikhutha kusenesikhathi, njengoba lesi sifo sibhebhetheka ngokushesha futhi izilonda zikhula ngosayizi, zenze i-coating emhlophe noma empunga," kusho u-Ampatzidis, umeluleki wobuhlakani ku-Jaafar Abdulridha, umcwaningi we-UF/IFAS oholayo. isifundo.
U-Pamela Roberts, uprofesa we-UF/IFAS wezifo zezitshalo, udinga idatha evela konjiniyela abafana no-Ampatzidis, ukuze amsize athole izifo ngezigaba zakuqala. Ukuqhathanisa nokutholwa kwezifo zabantu kusenesikhathi.
“Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kwanoma iyiphi inkinga yezempilo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kumuntu noma ezitshalweni, kunikeza ithuba elingcono kakhulu lokuyilawula ngokungenelela kusenesikhathi,” kusho uRoberts, umbhali ohlangene wocwaningo. "Ngokunjalo, izifo zezitshalo zilawuleka kalula kusenesikhathi lapho inani le-pathogen liphansi, uma kuqhathaniswa nakamuva kulo bhubhane."
“Ngaphezu kwalokho, lobu buchwepheshe bungase bunciphise ukusetshenziswa kwezifutho zamakhemikhali, ngokususa izinto ezingase zenziwe ngaphambi kokuba kube khona isifo okufanele silawuleke,” kusho yena. “Njengoba i-powdery mildew iyinkinga engapheli ku-squash eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeFlorida, umbuzo nje wokuthi lesi sifo sizovela nini, hhayi ukuthi sizovela nini. Isikhathi esinembile sokubulala isikhunta, kungaba kulima okuvamile noma okuphilayo, kungakhuphula ukusebenza kahle komkhiqizo futhi kunciphise nokulahlekelwa.”
Izimpawu eziyinhloko ze-powdery mildew amachashaza amhlophe noma amabala, ngokuvamile emaqabunga. Ukuhlonza i-powdery mildew ezigabeni zokuqala zokutheleleka kunzima ngenxa yezimpawu emaqabunga aphansi, avuthiwe avame ukumbozwa ngamanye amaqabunga.
"Ngamafuphi, isifo singashintsha izakhiwo zeqabunga futhi sithinte inani lokukhanya eliboniswa emaqabunga ezindaweni ezingaphandle kwe-spectrum ebonakalayo, abantu abangenakuyibona," kusho u-Ampatzidis.
- Brad Buck, University of Florida