#Agriculture #Azerbaijan #Horticulture #VegetableFarming #AgriculturalGrowth #CropYields #Export #ModernFarming #AgriculturalMachinery #SustainableFarming
Emashumini amabili eminyaka adlule, i-Azerbaijan ibone uguquko olumangalisayo lwezolimo, ikakhulukazi emikhakheni yokulima kwezitshalo nemifino. Lesi sihloko sidingida ukwanda okukhulu kokukhiqizwa kwezithelo nemifino, sibonisa izinqubomgomo zezwe zezolimo eziyimpumelelo, amasu esimanje okulima, kanye nezindlela ezintsha eziye zaholela ekuthuthukisweni okukhulu kwesivuno sezitshalo nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.
Eminyakeni engu-20 edlule, ngaphansi kobuholi bukaMongameli u-Ilham Aliyev kanye nokusekelwa okuqinile kombuso, umkhakha wezolimo wase-Azerbaijan, okuhlanganisa ukulima kwezitshalo nokulima kwemifino, uye wabhekana nokukhula okuzinzile nokuqhubekayo. Ngokwemininingwane enikezwe uMnyango Wezolimo, ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo eziyisisekelo njengamazambane, imifino, namakhabe kukhuphuke izikhathi eziyi-1.6, kwafinyelela amathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-3,366.9 ngo-2022 uma kuqhathaniswa no-2003. amazambane akhombise ukukhula ngo-1.7%, kanti izitshalo zamakhabe zenyuke ngo-39.7% ngalesi sikhathi.
Ukwandiswa kokutshalwa kwemifino ngaphansi kwezimo ze-greenhouse kube yisici esibalulekile kulokhu kukhula. Izinkomba zokukhiqiza zezwe nazo sezinyukile, izitshalo zamakhabe zikhombisa ukukhula ngo-53.2%, amazambane aqopha ukwenyuka ngo-40%, nemifino ekhombisa ukukhula okuphindwe ka-2.1. Ngo-2022, izinga lokukhiqiza lafinyelela ku-233 centner/ha kumakhabe, 196 centner/ha for imifino, kanye 190 centner/ha kumazambane.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhiqizwa kwezithelo namajikijolo e-Azerbaijan kukhuphuke izikhathi ezingu-2.2, kwafinyelela amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-1,253.1 ngo-2022 uma kuqhathaniswa no-2003. Izingadi ezihlanganisa indawo engaba amahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-222.4 zibe negalelo kule mpumelelo emangalisayo. Indawo yezivande ezaqala ukuthela izithelo nayo yanda yafinyelela kumahektha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-174.4 ngo-2022. Ngokuphawulekayo, izindlela zokulima kakhulu zaholela ekwandeni kwama-32.3% endaweni yezinsimu kanye nokwenyuka ngo-47.4% endaweni enezinsimu ezinomfutho omkhulu.
Lokhu kukhula kokukhiqizwa kwezithelo nemifino kungabangelwa ukusetshenziswa ngempumelelo kwezindlela zokukhiqiza kakhulu, ubuchwepheshe besimanje, izinhlelo zokunisela ngamaconsi, izinhlobo zezitshalo ezikhiqiza kakhulu, kanye nezinye izinsiza. Ngenxa yalokho, izinga lezwe lokukwazi ukuzimela ekukhiqizweni kwezithelo nemifino selikhuphuke kakhulu, okuholele ekwenyukeni okukhulu kwenani lempahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle.
Mayelana nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, i-Azerbaijan ibone ukwenyuka okukhulu kokuthunyelwa kwezithelo, imifino kanye nemikhiqizo yazo egayiwe. Kusukela ngo-2003 kuya ku-2022, inani lokuthunyelwa kwale mikhiqizo likhuphuke izikhathi ezingu-4.2, lafinyelela kumathani ayizigidi ezingu-490.4 noma izigidi ezingu-667.6 USD ngo-2022. Utamatisi, amadethi, namantongomane, ikakhulukazi, abe yimikhiqizo ehamba phambili yokuthekelisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthengiswa kwamazambane no-anyanisi kubone ukukhula okukhulu, kwafinyelela kumathani ayizigidi eziyi-15.7 ngo-2022, uma kuqhathaniswa namathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-28 ngo-2003.
Eminyakeni emihlanu eyedlule, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwezithelo nemifino okulondolozwayo kanye nama-syrups kukhuphuke ngo-38.5% ngesisindo somzimba, kwafinyelela amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-19.6, okulinganiselwa ku-24.7 million USD ngo-2022. Ngokuphawulekayo, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwemikhiqizo efana ne-pomegranate isiraphu kukhuphuke cishe ngo-28.6%.
Umkhakha wemishini yezolimo usubone ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile ekulimeni amazambane nemifino. Isibalo semishini yokutshala nokuvuna amazambane senyuke cishe ngokuphindwe kasishiyagalombili, kanti abavuni bamazambane abangama-64 kanye nezimba eziyi-141 ezitholakala ezweni. Lokhu kwanda kokutholakala kwemishini kuholele ekukhiqizeni okuthuthukisiwe, okwenza umkhakha wezolimo wase-Azerbaijan usebenze kahle futhi uqhudelane ezimakethe zomhlaba.
Umkhakha wezolimo wase-Azerbaijan, ikakhulukazi ekukhiqizweni kwezithelo nemifino, ukhule ngendlela emangalisayo kule minyaka engamashumi amabili edlule. Ngokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe besimanje, izindlela zokulima kakhulu, kanye nokusetshenziswa kahle kwezinsiza, izwe liye lazuza intuthuko enkulu ekuvunweni kwezitshalo, ekukhiqizeni nasekuthumeleni kwamanye amazwe. Lezi zinzuzo azigcini nje ngokufaka isandla emnothweni wesizwe kodwa futhi ziqinisa isikhundla saso emakethe yezolimo emhlabeni jikelele.