Abalimi be-Strawberry manje sebenethuluzi lamahhala le-smart phone application lokubikezela ukusabalala kwesifutho ukulwa nezinambuzane ezifana nezicabucabu ezinamabala amabili, ama-lygus bugs nama-leafrollers, ngenxa yephrojekthi yokubambisana yeminyaka emithathu ehilela isazi sezinambuzane zezolimo sase-UC Davis. UChristian Nansen kanye nama-majors ambalwa e-UC Davis computer science.
"Izinto eziningi eziguquguqukayo ziyaziwa ukuthi zithinta ukumbozwa kwesifutho sangempela emasimini ezitshalo," kusho uNansen, uprofesa osebenza naye eMnyangweni we-UC Davis we-Entomology and Nematology. “Lokhu kubalwa isivinini sikagandaganda, imibhobho yokufutha, umthamo wesifutho, ukuphakama kwe-boom, ama-adjuvant kanye nesimo sezulu. Kodwa yiziphi ezibaluleke kakhulu? Futhi ingabe kukhona ukuxhumana okungenzeka phakathi kokunye kwalokhu okuguquguqukayo?"
Ngokusebenzisa I-Smart Spray, uhlelo lokusebenza oluklanyelwe kokubili amafoni we-iOS ne-Android, abalimi bangakwazi ukuthuthukisa futhi benze ukulawula ikhwalithi yesifutho sokufafaza kwezibulala-zinambuzane emasimini abo ama-strawberry, kusho uNansen.
Isazi sesayensi yamakhompiyutha u-Krishna Chennapragada, manje osengumfundi wangaphambili, wethule uhlelo nokuklama kokuqala, okuhlanganisa amahora angama-500 ngaphambi kokuthweswa kwakhe iziqu. Iqembu lanamuhla, ngaphezu kukaNansen, lihlanganisa abaqashiwe uGabriel Del Villar, ophothule izifundo zekhompiyutha ka-2019, kanye no-Alexander Recalde, isikhulu esiphezulu kwisayensi yekhompyutha. Bebonke baye baqoqa cishe amahora angu-400 kulo msebenzi.
"Lo msebenzi uhlanganisa imikhakha eminingi ngempela," kusho uNansen, enezela "Enye yezinto ezinhle nge-UC Davis ukuthi imingcele phakathi kwamakolishi ayijulile kakhulu."
Ososayensi bamakhompiyutha “abanalo ulwazi lwezolimo kodwa banesithakazelo ngempela kulo msebenzi nokuthi bangaba nengxenye kanjani ekukhiqizeni ukudla okusimeme,” kusho uNansen, enezela “Bahle ngempela. Sidinga abantu abanamakhono abo futhi umsebenzi abawenzayo uthuthukisa umsebenzi wabo.”
Uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Smart Spray, bathi, luvumela umsebenzisi ukuthi abikezele ukumbozwa kwesifutho ngaphansi kwezimo ezehlukene zokusebenza, okuhlanganisa uhlobo lwezimbobo, umthamo wesifutho, nesivinini sikagandaganda, kanye nedatha yesimo sezulu, njengezinga lokushisa, umswakama ohlobene nomoya. Ingxenye ebalulekile yenqubo: umsebenzisi ubeka ikhadi elizwela amanzi endaweni ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo, alithwebule, futhi alilayishe kuhlelo lokusebenza.
"Uma ungumlimi, ungalindela ukuthi uma uphuma uyofutha, ukuthi uma uphuma ebhodleleni, uzovikeleka kangcono," kusho uNansen. “Kodwa, ngokwesibonelo, uma umoya unamandla kakhulu, isintu esihlobene siphansi kakhulu, ingcindezi iphezulu kakhulu, noma uhamba ngokushesha kakhulu—ngisho noma ufutha ngamavolumu amakhulu–ungathola ukuvikeleka okubi kakhulu futhi kuyabiza. Ukufutha ngokweqile kungafinyelela kwezinye izinkambu noma intuthuko yasemadolobheni eseduze ngenxa yalokho okubizwa ngokuthi “i-spray drift”.
“Ngokujwayelekile, umlimi uzofutha amalitha angu-100 kuya kwangu-150 ihektha ngalinye uma efutha,” kuchaza uNansen. Ikhadi elingezwani namanzi liphuzi, kodwa libhala okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka lapho lihlangana nomswakama. “La makhadi kade aba khona,” kusho yena. “Zibiza cishe u-$1 ngekhadi, azishibhile. Kodwa akubizi uma usebenzisa izinkulungwane zamaRandi ukulawula izinambuzane. Nezinkampani ezibulala izinambuzane zingawakhokhela amakhadi.”
“Yisho ukuthi ufuna ukubikezela ukuthi uzosebenza kuphi ngaphambi kokuthi ufutha namuhla kusihlwa noma kusasa,” kuchaza uNansen. “Bheka isimo sezulu; sithini isibikezelo? Khona-ke uzokwenza kanjani lokhu? Kuthiwani uma ufafaza amalitha ayi-100 futhi ufuna ukuhamba amamayela amabili ngehora. Ufaka idatha - kanye nayo yonke enye idatha esebenzayo-kuhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Smart Spray. Izobikezela ukumbozwa ozokuthola ngamabhomu ayisishiyagalolunye ahlukene. Lawo amabhomu asetshenziswa umlimi ojwayelekile wamasitrobheli, inombolo esisekelwe kuyo cishe izifutho zokuhlola ezingu-3000 phakathi neminyaka emithathu. Ngakho-ke senza umsebenzi wesikole omningi kulokhu, isibonelo - izinsimbi zokufafaza ezihlukene, ubukhulu bezitshalo obuhlukene, ukuhlukaniswa kwezitshalo ezihlukene, nangaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezihlukene. Sihlanganise zonke izigaba ebesingacabanga ngazo. Siqoqe amanzi kanye nedatha yokusebenza futhi senza ukuhlaziya inqubekelaphambili (yokumodela).
"Usebenzisa lesi sibikezelo, ungasinikeza igama, usho i-Field 6, futhi ufinyelele kuyo kusizindalwazi," kusho uNansen. “Imayelana nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi. Kuyithuluzi lokubikezela nokwenza ukulawula izinga. Inika umlimi amandla kanye nesifutha ukwenza umsebenzi ongcono. Isibonelo, uma izimo zizimbi futhi uhlelo lokusebenza lukhombisa ukuthi ukuchela kuzosebenza ngamaphesenti angama-20 kuphela, akufanele ngabe uyafafaza.”
“I-Smart Spray ayikona nje kuphela – izibulala-sikhunta, izibulala-khula, nanoma yini ofuna ukuyifafaza,” kuphawula uNansen. “Lolu hlelo lokusebenza lwenzelwe ama-strawberries; ukube ibisetshenziselwa ubhontshisi wesoya, u-anyanisi neklabishi, ngabe isasebenza kodwa ukunemba kwayo bekuyocisha.” Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisalindile: i-almond, i-pistachio notamatisi.
Ososayensi bamakhompyutha bayakujabulela ukusebenza kulo msebenzi. URecalde uhambele umhlangano wezifafazi zaseCentral Coast ukuze akhulume ngalolu hlelo lokusebenza. “Ngizwile ukuthi, 'O, we, ubukeka umncane!' wakhumbula. “Sibe sesibatshela ngaleli thuluzi eliwusizo, izindlela ezahlukene ubuchwepheshe obungasetshenziswa kwezolimo. Babenesithakazelo ngempela endleleni ubuchwepheshe obungakuthuthukisa ngayo abakwenzayo.”
U-Del Villar, othanda ikhompuyutha yakhe ehlanganisa nokufundisa intsha ukubhala amakhodi, uthe ubheke ngabomvu ukwenza uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Smart Spray lube ngcono futhi lusebenziseke kakhulu. Njengoba esazi kahle iSpanishi, kanye nesiNgisi, uhlela ukuhumushela lolu hlelo lokusebenza eSpanishi. Okunye ukuhunyushwa kwezilimi nakho kusemisebenzini.
Manje ithimba lifuna impendulo yokuthuthukisa uhlelo lokusebenza. “Siyethemba ukuthi abalimi bazokwamukela,” kusho uNansen, “futhi basisize sithole izindlela zokuyithuthukisa.”
Impendulo eyodwa evela ku-Eric Flora, ukuthuthukiswa komkhakha womhlaba kanye nomphathi we-Crop Enhancement, Inc., u-Paso Robles: “Ngicabanga ukuthi i-Smart Spray iyithuluzi eliwusizo kakhulu kubalimi nabeluleki njengomhlahlandlela wokukhetha amathiphu okufutha, umthamo wokufafaza, isivinini sikagandaganda, kanye ezinye izici ezibalulekile zokwandisa ukumbozwa kwesifutho. Ukusebenzisa amakhadi okufutha kuyindlela engcono kakhulu futhi elula yokwazi, uma ungena yonke indawo ku-canopy okuhloswe yizinambuzane kuyinkinga-ukubeka amakhadi lapho izinambuzane ezithile zihlasela umsingathi kunikeza ulwazi olungcono kakhulu."
Izibonelelo zezwe, zikahulumeni nezimboni, okuhlanganisa i-California Strawberry Commission kanye ne-Floriculture and Nursery Research Initiative (FNRI) ye-US Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service, zisiza ngezimali le phrojekthi.
ICalifornia ikhula cishe amaphesenti angama-88 amasitrobheni esizwe cishe kumahektha angama-34,000 ogwini lwaseCalifornia, ngokusho kweStrawberry Commission. Ama-Strawberries atholakala unyaka wonke eCalifornia.
Kuzwelonke, ukukhiqizwa kwamasitrobheli amasha kuphakathi kwamaphawundi angu-50,000 ihektare ngalinye isizini ngayinye. Cishe abalimi abangama-strawberry abangama-300 bavela ezindaweni ezinhlanu ezihlukene zase-California: i-Watsonville/Salinas, i-Santa Maria, i-Oxnard, i-Orange County/San Diego, kanye ne-Central Valley. Kubandakanya imindeni yokulima yezizukulwane eziningi ekhula kokubili ama-strawberries e-organic kanye navamile.
Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe ngohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Smart Spray, finyelela imanuwali kokuthi https://bit.ly/2q3lsL3 noma uthinte uNansen ku chrnansen@ucdavis.edu Noma i-530-752-2728.
- Kathy Keatley Garvey, UC Davis
Isithombe phezulu: Ithimba le-Smart Spray: usosayensi wekhompyutha u-Gabriel Del Villar; isazi sezinambuzane zezolimo uChristian Nansen kanye nososayensi wekhompyutha/umfundi u-Alexander Recalde. Isithombe: Kathy Keatley Garvey