Izitolo ezinkulu zaseBrithani ukubeka imingcele ngokuthi bangaki amasaladi abathengi abangawathenga njengoba ukushoda kwempahla kushiya amashalofu engenalutho ezinye izinhlobo zezithelo nemifino. Ukunyamalala kwemikhiqizo emisha kuthiwa ikakhulukazi kuwumphumela we isimo sezulu esibi okuholela ekunciphiseni isivuno eningizimu yeYurophu naseNyakatho Afrika.
Amazinga okushisa aqandayo abangela ukukhiqizwa kukatamatisi esifundeni esiseningizimu yeSpanishi sase-Almeria yehla ngo-22% emavikini ambalwa okuqala kaFebruwari uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo ngo-2022. Okwengeziwe i-bureaucracy ehlobene ne-Brexit futhi ukwenyuka kwamanani amandla kungenzeka futhi ukuthi zikhulise ukuqina kokushoda.
Akukhona okokuqala ukuthi ubuthakathaka bokunikezwa kwezithelo nemifino kwase-UK kuvezwe, futhi ngeke kube okokugcina. I-UK ithembele kakhulu ekuthengweni kwemikhiqizo emisha evela kwamanye amazwe—ukuthola usizo ezingaphezu kuka 40% yemifino yayo kanye nezithelo zayo ezingaphezu kuka-80% ezivela phesheya unyaka ngamunye—ngakho-ke isivele isengcupheni yokushaqeka kwe-supply chain. Futhi ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu ukwandisa imvamisa yesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu izenzakalo.
Kodwa ezingaphezu kuka 80% yabantu base-UK manje abahlala kuyo izindawo zasemadolobheni. Ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwezithelo nemifino emadolobheni—umkhuba okuthiwa i-horticulture yasemadolobheni-Ngakho kungasiza ukunciphisa ubunzima bokushoda kwezitolo ezinkulu esikhathini esizayo. Isikali se ukudla ukukhiqizwa okuvela ekulimeni okuvamile ngaphandle kokungabaza kwenza kube nzima ukukhiqiza okuvela kumavulandi, izingadi noma izabelo. Nokho ucwaningo luveza ukuthi i-horticulture yasemadolobheni isengakhuphula ukutholakala komkhiqizo omusha kubahlali basemadolobheni.
Ukulima ukudla emadolobheni
Unobhala wezwe lase-UK wezemvelo, ukudla kanye nezindaba zasemakhaya, uTherese Coffey, uphakamise ngoFebhuwari ukuthi abantu kufanele “sijabulele amakhono esinawo kuleli lizwe,” ikakhulukazi ukuhlukanisa itheniphu. Kodwa i-horticulture yasemadolobheni ingahlinzeka ngezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezithelo zonyaka kanye izitshalo zemifino.
Ucwaningo lwethu, eyanyatheliswa ngo-2020, yathola izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaba ngu-68 ezikhula ezabelweni kulo lonke idolobha laseLeicester. Izilimo bezihlanganisa ama-strawberry, utamatisi, amazambane kanye nolethisi. Ezinye zalezi zitshalo (utamatisi kanye ne-lettuce) zikhahlamezekile ngenxa yokushoda okuqhubekayo.
Ubufakazi buphinde buphakamise ukuthi imikhuba yasemadolobheni yokulima izimbali ingaba yindlela ephumelelayo yokondla abantu abahlala emadolobheni. Ithimba lethu eNyuvesi yaseSheffield liye kubonisiwe ukuthi uma u-10% womhlaba otholakalayo wokulima ukulima edolobheni laseSheffield ufakwa ekukhiqizweni, ungadla u-15% wabantu bedolobha. ukudla okuyisihlanu ngosuku kunconywe yiNhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba.
Ama-horticulturalists amadolonzima
"Ukukhulisa owakho" yinto i-UK eyenze kahle esikhathini esedlule, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zesidingo sikazwelonke. Umkhankaso kahulumeni othi “Dig for Victory” phakathi nempi yezwe yesibili wakhuthaza abantu ukuba bazilimele ukudla. Ngenxa yalokho, I-18% yezithelo nemifino yase-UK ngesikhathi sempi yakhuliswa yimizi.
Izizukulwane ezedlule nazo zasebenzisa amasu ahlukahlukene ukuze zilondoloze umkhiqizo wazo ukuze zisetshenziswe ezinyangeni zasebusika lapho izithelo nemifino esanda kutholwa yayiyivelakancane. Kodwa-ke, izintandokazi zokudla zabantu baseBrithani zishintshile. Imikhiqizo ephuma ngaphandle kwesizini isiyatholakala ngazo zonke izikhathi zonyaka, futhi abantu sebejwayele ukutholakala sebekulungele.
Kunomhlaba omningi otholakala emadolobheni ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa kokudla. Izabelo njengamanje zenza ngaphansi kuka-2% wesikhala esitholakalayo esiluhlaza sase-Sheffield. Kodwa ukukhuthaza abantu ukuthi basebenzise lesi sikhala ukuzilimela ukudla kuseyinselelo.
Ukukhulisa ukudla okwanele esabelweni nasezingadini ukondla umuzi wonke kudla isikhathi. Ucwaningo esakwenza ngo-2021 sathola ukuthi isabelo sidinga ukuvakashelwa kwaminyaka yonke okungama-87 kanye namahora angu-150 esikhathi sakho. Ngakho-ke njengamanje, ukudla okutshalwe ngokwesiko kuma-feeds ezabelo I-3 kuphela we-UK abahlali basedolobheni.
Izinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu
Nokho, ayanda amandla okukhulisa izitshalo unyaka wonke ezinhlelweni zemvelo ezilawulwayo ezingase zifakwe phakathi kwezitshalo. indawo yasemadolobheni usebenzisa izikhala ezinjengophahla oluyisicaba noma izakhiwo ezingasasetshenziswa. Lezi zitshalo zingatshalwa endaweni engaphansi komhlabathi engenawo imisoco edingekayo etholakala emanzini kusetshenziswa izinhlelo ze-hydroponic noma ze-aquaponic.
Enye inzuzo ebalulekile yokutshala ukudla kulezi zinhlelo amandla okukhulisa izitshalo unyaka wonke ngokuvunwa okuningi. Lokhu kungakhuphula kakhulu isivuno sonyaka. Ucwaningo olulodwa ekukhiqizeni imifino yasemadolobheni eCanada Idolobha yaseMontreal ithole ukuthi isivuno sikatamatisi ezinhlelweni ze-hydroponic cishe izikhathi eziyisikhombisa phezulu kunesivuno esitholakala ngokutshala utamatisi ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka ezabelweni.
Kungase kwenzeke ukuhlanganisa i-polytunnel-based hydroponics emapulazini asemaphethelweni amadolobha asevele esungule uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka ngendawo. Kodwa, njengezitshalo ezitshalwa ezindaweni ezilawulwayo ezifana nama-polytunnels kanye nezindawo zokugcina izithombo emapulazini asemaphandleni, inselele ukuthi ukukhiqiza kanjani umnotho futhi uzinze. Izindleko zamandla ezihambisana nokugcina izimo zokukhula ezifanele zezitshalo ezinhlelweni ze-hydroponic ziphezulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukuhlukahluka izindleko zamandla kungase kube isici esibalulekile.
Noma kunjalo ezesayensi, ezobunjiniyela kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ingasekela ukwanda kwalezi zinhlelo ezikhiqiza kakhulu. Izindlela ezisebenzisa ukushisa kwamadolobha okumoshayo futhi ziphinde zigaywe kabusha ngokuphephile amanzi angcolile asemadolobheni noma eziqoqa amanzi emvula, zisebenzisa amandla ashibhile avuselelekayo ukuze kukhanye amandla, futhi khula ama-substrates ngokuqhubekayo zonke zingaphansi kokuthuthukiswa.
Ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka ngaphambi kokuba lezi zinhlelo zihlanganiswe nezindawo zasemadolobheni. Kodwa isidingo sicacile—kufanele sithuthukise ukunikezwa okuqinile kwezitshalo zezithelo nemifino e-UK Lokhu kuzodinga uguquko e-UK ngendlela esikhulisa ngayo umkhiqizo wethu wezolimo. I-horticulture yasemadolobheni, kokubili okusekelwe enhlabathini nokungenawo inhlabathi, kanye nokushintshela ekudleni okwengeziwe kwesizini, kungaba negalelo elibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukuqina kwe-UK ezithelweni zesikhathi esizayo kanye. imifino ukushoda kwempahla.