Ukondla abantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-8 kudinga ubuhlakani nokusungula izinto ezintsha. U-Zhenlei Xiao unguprofesa osebenza naye endaweni ehlala e-UConn's College of Agriculture, Health and Natural Resources Department of Nutritional Sciences futhi ucwaningo lwakhe lugxile ezitshalweni ezincane, ezinomsoco futhi ezikhula ngokushesha, ezingasiza ekondleni inani labantu elandayo, kokubili. eMhlabeni futhi okungenzeka ukuthi usemkhathini.
Ama-Microgreens angafaka izinhlobonhlobo zemifino namakhambi, njenge-arugula, i-broccoli, ama-beet, ngisho namahlumela kabhekilanga. Lawa ma-microgreens nawo afaneleka kahle emadolobheni ezolimo, okungaba neqhaza elibalulekile njengoba umhlaba olimekayo uya ucindezelwa yintuthuko. Bangaphezu kwezigidigidi ezine abantu abahlala emadolobheni, okubalelwa ku-55% wabantu bomhlaba.
Le nombolo kulindeleke ukuthi ikhuphuke ifinyelele ku-7 okulindelekile kubantu abangu-10 abahlala ezindaweni zasemadolobheni ngo-2050. Enye indlela yokwenza izinhlelo zokudla emadolobheni azayo okusimeme ngokwengeziwe kungokulima kwasemadolobheni—ukutshala ukudla eduze nalapho kuzodliwa khona.
U-Xiao uhlangane no-UConn Namuhla ukuze abelane ngobuchule bakhe futhi baxoxe ngokuthi imifino emincane ingena kanjani kwezolimo zasemadolobheni kanye izinhlelo zokudla ezizinzile esikudingayo manje futhi siye phambili siye esikhathini esizayo.
Yini ekwenze ube nentshisekelo yokufunda ama-microgreens?
Ngenkathi ngiseyiPh.D. umfundi eNyuvesi yaseMaryland, sibambisene ne-USDA Agricultural Research Service ekutadisheni ukwakheka kokudla okunomsoco kwezitshalo ezincane eziluhlaza okokuqala ngqa. Iphepha lethu elashicilelwa ngo-2012 kwaba ukushicilelwa kokuqala ngekhwalithi yokudla okunomsoco wezitshalo ezincane eziluhlaza.
Sihlole ukugxila kwamavithamini nama-phytonutrients ezinhlobonhlobo ezingama-25 zezitshalo ezincane futhi saziqhathanisa nedatha yezitshalo zazo ezivuthiwe ku-USDA Nutrient Database (manje ebizwa ngokuthi i-FoodData Central), futhi ngokumangazayo sathola ukuthi ama-microgreens ayeminyene kakhulu kunomsoco, uma kuqhathaniswa ozakwabo abavuthiwe.
Ngemva kwalokho, kwaba nezifundo eziningi ezengeziwe ezaqhutshwa futhi zanyatheliswa. Ngisho ne-NASA yaqala izifundo eziluhlaza okotshani eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ngoba ifuna ukutshala izitshalo eziluhlaza emkhathini ukuze inikeze osomkhathi lezo zinto zokudla eziminyene kakhulu, okuyinto ejabulisa kakhulu.
Yiziphi ezinye zezinzuzo zezitshalo eziluhlaza kanye nezimfanelo ezizenza zikhange kwezolimo zasemadolobheni?
Ikhwalithi ephezulu yokudla okunomsoco iyinzuzo yokuqala ye-microgreens, kodwa kunezinye izici eziningi ezinhle; isibonelo, isici sezinzwa. Ama-Microgreens anganikeza izinhlobonhlobo zemibala, izimo, ukwakheka, nama-flavour. Nakuba mancane ngosayizi, anombala oqinile kanye ne-flavour. Zingasetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zokudla, njengesaladi, isobho, noma isangweji, noma zisebenzise nje ukuhlobisa izitsha.
Kunezizathu ezimbalwa zokuthi kungani ama-microgreens afaneleka kwezolimo zasemadolobheni esimeme. Okokuqala, banomjikelezo omfushane kakhulu wokukhiqiza. Ngokuvamile, ama-microgreens angavunwa phakathi kwezinsuku eziyisikhombisa kuya kwezingu-21, okufushane kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nohlaza olunamaqabunga avuthiwe. Okwesibili, kulula kakhulu ukuzitshala futhi azidingi umanyolo noma izibulala-zinambuzane ngenxa yesikhathi esifushane sokukhula. Okwesithathu, uhlelo olukhulayo lulula kakhulu ukumisa. Singawakhulisa kalula nasekhaya.
Njengoba sazi, inhlabathi yezolimo iyancipha kakhulu okungase kube nomthelela ekukhuleni nasekudleni kokudla okulinywayo. Ngenhlanhla, ziningi ezinye izindlela esingakhulisa ngazo izitshalo ezincane eziluhlaza, njenge-hydroponic, i-aeroponic, ne-aquaponic.
Ephepheni lethu lakamuva ku Umbono wamanje kuSayensi Yokudla, sishilo ukuthi ama-hydrogel angaba isizukulwane esilandelayo sokukhula kwe-microgreens ngenxa yomthamo omkhulu wokubamba amanzi, ngakho abalimi badinga ukuwachelela kanye ekuqaleni. Senza ucwaningo olwengeziwe ekuthuthukiseni i-porosity ye-hydrogel, ukuze isekele ukukhula okunempilo kwezimpande nezitshalo.
Izitshalo ezincane eziluhlaza zingangena kanjani ezinhlelweni zokudla ezizinzile kanye nezolimo zasemadolobheni?
Izinhlelo zokudla ezisimeme kanye nezolimo zasemadolobheni ziyizikhombisi-ndlela okudingeka siye kuzo njengomphakathi! Okokuqala, ezolimo zasemadolobheni zingahlinzeka umkhiqizo omusha emphakathini wendawo. Okwesibili, ezolimo zasemadolobheni zinganikeza amathuba engeziwe kubalimi bendawo lapho bengakhula khona kakhulu endaweni encane yomhlaba, besebenzisa izingadi zomphakathi, uphahla, izindawo ezishiyiwe zezitshalo, njll. Okwesithathu, ezolimo zasemadolobheni zinganciphisa kakhulu i-carbon footprint ngokunciphisa emva kokuvuna. ezokuthutha, okulenza lizinze.
Kunezinto eziningi ezimangalisayo ezenzekayo ngezolimo zasemadolobheni njengamanje. Ngokwesibonelo, ngokulima ezindlini eziqondile, singakhiqiza ukudla okwengeziwe endaweni efanayo. Ngenani elifanayo lokudla, singanikeza ikhwalithi ephezulu yokondleka ngezitshalo ezincane eziluhlaza, okwenza imifino emincane ibe amakhandidethi amahle kwezolimo zasemadolobheni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, impilo yeshalofu ye-microgreens ivamise ukuba mfushane kakhulu ngenxa yezimpawu zayo ezithambile nezithambile.
Ngakho-ke, ingangena ngokuphelele ku- ezolimo zasemadolobheni uhlelo lokukhiqiza olunomjikelezo omfushane kakhulu wokuguqula njengoba lukhuliswa khona lapho luzodliwa khona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-microgreens angakhuliswa kusukela esikalini esincane kakhulu kuya esikalini esikhulu kakhulu ngobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe, okwenza ukuthi afanelekele abalimi banoma ibuphi usayizi ezindaweni zasemadolobheni.
Kunezinkampani ezisafufusa zokulima zasendlini ezisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha (njenge-AI) ukwenza ezolimo ezisimeme. Isibonelo, isistimu yokukhulisa i-aeroponic isebenzisa cishe u-10% wamanzi okunisela kuphela, uma kuqhathaniswa nemikhiqizo etshalwa enhlabathini evamile, okuyinto emangalisayo kakhulu ekusimameni kwayo.
Njengamanje, abalimi abaningi abancane bendawo batshala imifino emincane ngendlela evamile (amathreyi, amashalofu, nokukhanyisa). Ngokusekelwa yi-USDA kanye ne-UConn Extension, kungenzeka ukusiza abalimi abancane baqale ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusebenza kahle kakhulu ukukhiqiza imifino emincane ephephile, ehlanzekile, futhi enomsoco ukuze umphakathi wendawo ngendlela esimeme.
Ukwaziswa okwengeziwe: I-Muyao Du et al, Intuthuko kanye nemikhuba ekhulayo ekulinyweni kwezitshalo ezikhulayo kanye nemifino emincane ebheke kwezolimo eziphephile nezisimeme, Umbono wamanje kuSayensi Yokudla (2022). I-DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2022.100863