Ososayensi be-FEFU bakwazile ukwenza umanyolo owenziwe ngezinto eziphilayo, okuhloswe ngawo ukutshala izitshalo endaweni engenamhlaba. Isekelwe entweni ye-anfeltia algae - impilo yasolwandle yaseMpumalanga Ekude iqukethe inani elikhulu lezakhi zokulandelela. Ukugxila kwezakhi eziwumphumela kusondele kakhulu ekubunjweni kwenhlabathi yemvelo futhi sekuqinisekisile ukusebenza kwayo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokuqala.
Ngaphezu kwamanzi nokukhanya kwelanga, izitshalo zidinga izakhi zokulandelela kanye nenani lezinye izingxenye ukuze zithuthuke. Ukuba khona kwabo noma ukungabikho kwabo akuthinti nje ubukhulu, ukunambitheka, iphunga nombala, kodwa futhi inani lamavithamini aqukethwe esithelweni. Kukholelwa ukuthi ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, zonke izakhi ezidingekayo zesitshalo zithathwa emhlabathini nasemanzini emvelo.
Nokho, ukuze kuhlinzekwe ukudla ezindaweni eziminyene lapho umhlaba ovundile ulinganiselwe, abantu kufanele baphendukele ekutshaleni inani elikhulu lemifino endaweni yokwenziwa. Sikhuluma nge-hydroponics - izinhlelo zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu lapho amahlumela athola khona umsoco hhayi emhlabathini, kodwa kusukela kusixazululo esizungeze izimpande. Ngokufanelekile, ukwakheka kwayo kufanele kufane nomhlabathi wemvelo ngangokunokwenzeka futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kube nokuvumelana eduze namanzi ukuze kungavimbeli izihlungi eziningi namaphampu lapho isisombululo sizungeza khona.
Inkomba: Umanyolo we-organic VS mineral
Ama-microelements omhlabathi angalingiswa ngezindlela eziningana. Eyokuqala ngosizo lwezithako zamaminerali, ezikhiqizwa ngamakhemikhali. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lokhu kuyindlela elula futhi eshibhile yokwakha inkimbinkimbi yezakhi ezidingekayo ezitshalweni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izici zokunambitheka kwezithelo ezitshalwe kumanyolo anjalo zingaba ngaphansi kakhulu kunemifino etshalwe enhlabathini yemvelo, ngoba ukwakheka kwezithasiselo kunqunyelwe.
Indlela yesibili umanyolo ophilayo, onesisekelo semvelo futhi adalwe emikhiqizweni yemvelo. Bakuvumela ukuthi ugcwalise izitshalo ngezinto ezidingekayo, ngenkathi ugcina ukunambitheka "kwemvelo" kanye nephunga. Kodwa-ke, "i-organic" inzima kakhulu ukuyithola ngesimo se-liquid, ingaqukatha amagciwane kanye nokungcola, ngakho-ke asetshenziswa kancane kakhulu ezinhlelweni ze-hydroponic - kuyabiza futhi akusebenzi kahle ngezinga elikhulu lamabhizinisi.
Ukuze kuzuzwe izakhiwo zokunambitha ezithuthukisiwe, ama-cocktails kamanyolo amaminerali kanye ne-organic asetshenziswa kuma-hydroponics, ahlanganiswe ngezilinganiso ezahlukene. Ukusebenza kwezingoma ezinjalo kuphezulu, noma kunjalo, izindleko zomanyolo wamabhizinisi aseRussia zivame ukuphakama kunomanyolo wamaminerali, ngoba izingxenye eziningi zivela kwamanye amazwe.
Ishibhile, inkulu, inambitheka kakhudlwana
Naphezu kobunzima obungenhla, ososayensi be-FEFU bakwazile ukwenza izingxenye zomanyolo we-organic kusuka ku-anfeltia algae okuhloswe ngazo izinhlelo ze-hydroponic. Umkhiqizo ovelayo, ngaphezu kwenani elikhulu lezakhi, ugcwele i-fulvic acid - umqhubi wemvelo wezakhi zokulandelela kumaseli ezimpande zezitshalo. Umanyolo unezinto ezinhle zokuhlunga futhi ufana nokuvumelana nesoso yesoya. Ukulungiswa okukhethekile kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nenqubo eyengeziwe yokukhishwa kwe-ultrasonic kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukukhipha amagciwane. Ukugxila okunomsoco okuphephile futhi okusebenzayo kuhlanjululwa emanzini ngesilinganiso sika-1 kuya ku-100 noma 1 kuya ku-300, kuye ngesitshalo.
“Ucwaningo olwenziwe selukhombisile ukuthi umanyolo okhona njengamanje awukho ngaphansi ekusebenzeni kahle uma uqhathaniswa nomanyolo osezingeni eliphezulu. Ulethisi otshalwe emkhiqizweni wethu uqhathaniswa nosayizi otshalwe ngekhambi elivela kwamanye amazwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izindleko zomanyolo wethu ziphansi, futhi inani lemifino lizoba phezulu, njengoba linomsoco futhi lisezingeni eliphezulu, "kusho u-Alexei Belov, inhloko yephrojekthi, Ph.D.
Ngokusho kukasosayensi, ukuhlolwa kwesixazululo sezakhi eziwumphumela kuyaqhubeka, futhi ukwakheka komklamo wezimboni kuzophothulwa ngendlela ezohambisana nokusebenza kahle komnotho kamanyolo wezimbiwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ithimba lososayensi, kanye nabafundi, licwaninga umphumela wezakhi ezithile zokulandelela izakhiwo ze-organoleptic zezitshalo. Abacwaningi bazama ukwakha ukwakheka okuhle kwezinto ezinikeza imifino ukunambitheka okukhulu nephunga elimnandi, kanye nesethi ephelele yamavithamini nezakhi.
Kufunwa kokubili e-Arctic nasemkhathini
Ngokusho kwabamele iphrojekthi, i-organic hydroponics iyisiqondiso esithembisayo hhayi kuphela ezindaweni ezinkulu zokugcina izithombo. Imakethe enkulu yomanyolo onjalo yizindawo ezikude, isibonelo, amakamu amashifu, iziteshi zabahloli be-polar, imikhumbi ehamba olwandle. Lapha, isidingo semifino emisha singahlangatshezwana nayo ngosizo lwezindawo zokugcina izithombo ze-modular, ezizovumela ukukhula kwemifino emisha ngamavolumu anele. Izingoma zalezi zakhiwo ezincane ze-hydroponic kufanele zilinganisele ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze izakhamuzi zasezindaweni ezikude kanye namabhizinisi zikwazi ukuhlukanisa ukudla kwazo ngemifino emnandi nenempilo.
Enye indawo enkulu ukuhlinzekwa kokudla kweziteshi zasemkhathini ezinesikhathi eside sokuhlala. I-Hydroponics ayikwazi ukuvala kuphela isidingo semifino emisha, kodwa futhi ikhulula umthwalo wokucindezeleka wosomkhathi, abajabulela ngokukhethekile ukubona izitshalo eziphilayo kude neplanethi yasekhaya. Kakade namuhla, ama-ejensi asemkhathini emhlabeni wonke atshala imali eningi ekuthuthukisweni kwezinhlelo zokudla zamakoloni ku-Mars kanye nemishini yesikhathi eside yasemkhathini. Ngokusho kuka-Alexey Belov, omunye wemikhiqizo edalwe kwa-FEFU izohloswe ukuthuthukisa izixazululo zezakhi zezinto ezikude.
“Uma kukhulunywa ngezinhlelo ze-hydroponic zemishini yesikhathi eside, umbuzo womanyolo we-organic unzima kakhulu. Umuntu angadla imifino engalingani etshalwe kumanyolo wamakhemikhali izinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphandle kokuphatheka kabi. Kodwa uma uhambo lwasemkhathini luzothatha iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi nambili, khona-ke ukudla okusebenzayo nokusezingeni eliphezulu kuyadingeka lapha, ”kusho umphathi wephrojekthi.
Khumbula ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo ezintsha zomanyolo we-organic ku-FEFU kwenziwa ngaphakathi kohlaka lwe-Priority 2030 Uhlelo kanye ne-Advanced Engineering School "Institute of Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Food Systems". Umgomo wephrojekthi ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obusha be-CRF be-agro-bioengineering obusezingeni lomhlaba, kanye nokudala umugqa womkhiqizo osebenzayo nothengekayo womanyolo ovela ezinsizeni zasendaweni zaseMpumalanga Ekude.