Abalimi abaningi base-Bangladesh batshala izitshalo zemifino esikhundleni se-paddy njengoba ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kubangela imvula encane kanye namanzi angaphansi komhlaba.
Kwaphela amashumi eminyaka, u-Shafiqul Islam Babu etshala irayisi endaweni yakhe enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Bangladesh - kwaze kwaba yilapho ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kwenza imvula iguquguquke futhi amanzi angaphansi komhlaba aqale ukoma maphakathi nawo-2000.
Njengoba isivuno sakhe serayisi sincipha, neholo lakhe lehla.
Ephendula, umlimi oneminyaka engu-45 ubudala wanquma ukutshala iklabishi ensimini yakhe - isitshalo senani eliphezulu esisebenzisa amanzi amancane kunerayisi, esinabathengi abaningi, futhi simnika imali engenayo.
“Ngangingazi ukuthi ngenzenjani esikhundleni sokulima i-paddy, okwakuwumsebenzi wokhokho bami, (futhi) kwadingeka nginakekele umndeni wami ngemali engangiyongile,” esho engxoxweni ngesikhathi ehlanza ukhula namahlamvu afile endaweni yakhe engamahektha angama-20. (49-acre) ipulazi iklabishi.
“Kwabe sekuthi ukulima imifino kungibonise ithemba.” U-Babu uthe usidayise sonke isitshalo sakhe seklabishi ngaphambi kokuvuna kulo nyaka, nesidingo semifino ephezulu eDhaka, inhloko-dolobha. Wakwazi ukwenza imali engaba ngu-215,000 2,000 (amaRandi angu-80,000 XNUMX), kusukela ku-taka eyinqaba engu-XNUMX XNUMX ayevame ukuyithola lapho evuna ilayisi.
Ukusheshisa ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kuholele ekutheni abalimi abaningi esifundeni sase-Bangladesh i-Rajshahi bashintshisane ngerayisi ngemifino njengoba belwela ukwenza ibhizinisi labo likhokhele emhlabeni oshisa kakhulu.
Eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili eyedlule, irayisi kwakuyisitshalo esiyinhloko kulesi sifunda - kodwa manje "isilimo esilahlekile", njengoba imifino kusukela eklabishi kuya emathangeni iya ngokuya ithandwa njengoba idinga amanzi amancane, ikhiqiza isivuno esiphezulu futhi iletha imali eningi, ngokusho kukaShamsul Wadud, inhloko. woMnyango Wokunwetshwa KwezoLimo wesifunda.
Abalimi baseRajshahi babethwala kanzima ukutshala ilayisi izinkathi ezimbili zonyaka, kodwa abaningi manje sebelima imifino kathathu noma kane ngonyaka endaweni efanayo, kuchaza uWadud.
"Bathola amanani amahle (futhi) ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo zemifino manje kwenyuke izikhathi eziningi," esho.
Kusukela ngo-2009, indawo enikelwe ekutshaleni imifino isicishe yaphindeka kane yaba amahektha angaba ngu-78,500 e-Rajshahi, okuyenza ibe isifunda esikhiqiza imifino esikhulu kunazo zonke ezweni, izibalo zomnyango wezolimo ziyakhombisa.
Kodwa akuyena uRajshahi kuphela obheka ngale kwerayisi.
Ungqongqoshe wezoLimo e-Bangladesh u-Muhammad Abdur Razzaque uthe uhulumeni uhlose ukusebenzisa “zonke izinhlobo zomhlaba olahliwe nonesihlabathi” ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwemifino.
Umhlabathi oyisihlabathi uthathwa njengongcono ekutshaleni imifino esikhundleni selayisi ngoba udinga amanzi nomanyolo omncane, kusho izikhulu.
Ukukhipha amanzi angaphansi komhlaba
Ngenkathi ezinye izingxenye ze-Bangladesh bezilokhu zinezimvula ezinkulu nezikhukhula eziqopha umlando, isomiso siya ngokuya sivame kakhulu esifundeni sase-Barind, esihlanganisa ingxenye enkulu ye-Rajshahi nesinye sesifunda sase-Rangpur.
Isilinganiso semvula saminyaka yonke saleyo ndawo singaba ngu-1,100 mm (amayintshi angu-43) - ngaphansi kwesigamu sesilinganiso sikazwelonke - kusho u-Chowdhury Sarwar Jahan, uprofesa wokwakheka komhlaba eNyuvesi yase-Rajshahi.
Futhi, ngenxa yokusheshisa ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu, isilinganiso semvula esifundeni sase-Barind "yehla usuku nosuku", esho.
Ngenxa yokuthi kunemvula encane, abalimi esifundeni bathembele emithonjeni ejulile ukuze bathole amanzi okunisela izitshalo zabo, bebeka ingcindezi enkulu emanzini angaphansi komhlaba, kusho uSarwar Jahan.
Amazinga amanzi angaphansi komhlaba e-Barind ehla ngo-50 kuya ku-60 cm njalo ngonyaka, ngokusho kwe-Bangladesh Water Development Board.
Lokhu kugqugquzele abanye abalimi eRajshahi ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yawo-2000s ukuthi bazame ukutshala iklabishi nesigaxa esicijile - esifana nekhukhamba - endaweni lapho ababeyeke khona ukudla irayisi, ngokusho kukaDewan Ali, 55, ongumlimi ohlala edolobhaneni laseGodagari. .
“Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva, bamangala bebona amanzi amancane kanye nomanyolo omncane bethola isivuno esihle,” kusho u-Ali.
“Lezi zindaba ezimnandi bezindiza yonke indawo. Phakathi neminyaka emibili, abalimi abaningi baqala ukulima izinhlobo ezahlukene zemifino.”
I-Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) ilinganisela ukuthi imifino ethile - okuhlanganisa utamatisi, i-okra nama-radishes - ingatshalwa kusetshenziswa amalitha angu-336 amanzi ngekg, cishe ngaphansi kokuphindwe kashumi kunalokho okudingekayo ukuze kutshalwe inani elifanayo lerayisi.
Ukuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kwemifino kuyinto ehamba phambili eMnyangweni Wokunwetshwa Kwezolimo eRajshahi, oqeqesha abalimi - kusukela ekusebenziseni umanyolo kuya ekulawuleni izifo - ukubanikeza imbewu mahhala, kanye nokuqwashisa ngokugqugquzela okwengeziwe ukwenza ushintsho, ngokusho kukaWadud. .
Uthe uhulumeni waseRajshahi ugxile kuphela ezindaweni lapho abalimi bezabalaza ukulima irayisi, ngakho-ke ayikho ingozi yokushintshela emifino ethinta ukukhiqizwa kwe-paddy.
“Inani elanele le-paddy (irayisi) liyatshalwa kwezinye izingxenye zezwe,” kwengeza uWadud.
Ukukhula 'ithemba'
Nakuba abalimi abaningi bethi izimpilo zabo zisindisiwe ngokuthola ukuthi imifino ingachuma endaweni eyomile, lezo sivuno eziningi ngezinye izikhathi zingabonisa into enhle kakhulu.
Ezinkathini zokukhiqiza ikakhulukazi, ukugcwala ngokweqile kwehlisa amanani abalimi abangawakhokhisa umkhiqizo wabo, kuyilapho ukugcinwa kuyinkinga, kusho u-Hossain Ali, umlimi endaweni yase-Godagari e-Rajshahi.
Uthe uma abalimi betshala irayisi elingaphezu kwalokho abangalidayisa, lingomiswa futhi ligcinwe kalula izinyanga eziyisithupha, kodwa imifino esalayo iyashesha ukubola ngaphandle uma igcinwa esiqandisini.
“Uma uhulumeni esakha indawo ebandayo, singakwazi ukonga (imifino) kuthi uma isizini ingasebenzi sizoyidayisa ngentengo ekahle,” kusho u-Ali onomhlaba ongu-30 hectares alima kuwo imifino eyahlukene okubalwa kuyo ikholifulawa notamatisi.
Kodwa-ke, kumlimi uMohammed Ali, izinselelo zokutshala imifino zidlula kude izinzuzo zomndeni wakhe.
Ngemva kokuchitha iminyaka eyishumi e-Saudi Arabia njengomsebenzi wokwakha ukuze athumele imali ekhaya, u-Ali wabuyela e-Rajshahi ngo-2010 eyolima irayisi. Kodwa ukushoda kwamanzi kwamphoqa ukuba ayeke, esikhundleni salokho wavula isitolo esincane esiseduze nomuzi wakhe.
Khona-ke, ukuvakashela izihlobo esifundeni kwashintsha ukuphila kuka-Ali. Wamangala lapho ebona umhlaba wabo ugcwele imifino evundile.
“Ngithole ithemba,” kusho umyeni noyise wezingane ezimbili, abahlala eLalpur, esifundeni saseNatore.
U-Ali watshala ukhamba olubabayo futhi wakhomba ukhamba ngokushesha nje lapho efika ekhaya, wathi uthengise isivuno sakhe sokuqala ezinyangeni ezimbili kamuva.
Manje, usengakwazi ukwenza u-28,000 wama-taka njalo ngenyanga endaweni eyihektare eyodwa - futhi akadingi ukucabanga ngokushiya ikhaya ayofuna umsebenzi.
“Angicabangi ngokuya phesheya ngoba ngingahola imali enempilo ngokuhlala ekhaya,” kusho u-Ali. "Ayikho into engaba ngcono njengokuthola imali nokuba nomndeni."
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