Ezinyangeni eziyisishiyagalombili zokuqala zika-2022, ukukhiqizwa kukamanyolo wamaminerali eRussia kwehle ngo-2.5% uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo ngonyaka odlule, isiteshi seTelegram seGazprombank Economic Forecasting Center sibika, sicaphuna idatha ye-Rosstat elungiselwe izibalo zabahlanganyeli bemakethe. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukukhiqizwa bekusengaphezu kuka-2019 nango-2020 ngo-10.5% no-4%, ngokulandelana. NgoJanuwari-Agasti 2022, ukukhiqizwa komanyolo we-potash kwehla kakhulu - ngo-25.1%, umanyolo we-nitrogen nawo wehla ngo-6.3%, kuyilapho ukukhiqizwa kwe-urea kukhuphuke ngo-6.1%, ne-ammonium nitrate - ngo-10.1%. Ukuthunyelwa kukamanyolo sekukonke kwehle ngo-11%, ukwehla okukhulu kwakuyi-ammonium nitrate (cishe ama-50%), i-potassium chloride (ngo-24.8%) kanye ne-CAS (ngo-32.2%). Lokhu kungenxa yokuncipha kwesidingo eYurophu kanye nobunzima bokusebenza, naphezu kokuthi akukho ukuvinjelwa okuqondile kokuthengwa komanyolo wamaminerali eRussia.
Ngokusho kwabaxhumanisi bakaKommersant, ehlobo, abakhiqizi ababalulekile baseRussia bomanyolo oqukethe i-phosphorus ne-nitrogen base bazivumelanisa nemikhawulo futhi bakhulisa izimpahla kwezinye izimakethe: iPhosagro, ngokwesibonelo, yanciphisa kakhulu izimpahla eziya eYurophu, kodwa yanda ukuthunyelwa eNdiya izikhathi ezi-2.5. . I-Eurochem iphinde yaqondisa kabusha imikhiqizo evela ezimakethe lapho bekunezithiyo kwezinye izifunda. Izinkinga ezinkulu zavela e-Uralchem ngenxa yokuvalwa kwepayipi le-ammonia lase-Tolyatti-Odessa, kanye ne-Uralkali, ukuthunyelwa kwayo kwamanye amazwe maphakathi nehlobo kwehle ngo-25-30% ngemuva kokuvinjwa kwamatheminali okuthutha aphethwe yinkampani e-Baltic States. iphephandaba liyabhala.
Ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ezizayo, lo mkhakha uzobhekana nokwenyuka komthwalo wezezimali: intela ye-export kumanyolo kulindeleke ukuthi ibekwe uma amanani omhlaba e-phosphorus ne-nitrogen fertilizer edlula i-$ 500/ton, i-potash - $400/ton. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanani entengo kaphethiloli kubathengi basezimbonini baseRussia kulindeleke ukuthi afinyelele ku-8.5% ngoDisemba. Ngokusho kuka-Kommersant, ekuqaleni kuka-August, amanani omhlaba womanyolo wamaminerali ahlala emazingeni aphezulu: ngakho-ke, i-diammonium phosphate nokuthunyelwa e-Baltic kubiza i-$ 832 / t, i-potassium - $ 660 / t, urea - $ 581 / t. Ngo-2023, isabelomali esisalungiswa sihlanganisa ukuhoxiswa kwama-ruble angaphezu kwezigidigidi eziyi-100 ezinkampanini zamakhemikhali ngendlela yemisebenzi.
Umqondisi Omkhulu we-Russian Association of Fertilizer Producers (RAPU) uMaxim Kuznetsov uthi imakethe yasekhaya iyinto ehamba phambili embonini kamanyolo wamaminerali aseRussia. Ngokusho kwakhe, kule minyaka eyisikhombisa edlule, abalimi bathenge kabili umanyolo wezimbiwa ukuze bafinyelele amathani ayizigidi ezi-5 zomanyolo wamaminerali ngonyaka odlule. Ngo-2030, uMnyango Wezolimo ubikezela ukwanda kwalesi sibalo kuye kumathani ayizigidi ezingu-8.8. "Ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlobo eziyinhloko zomanyolo wamaminerali eRussia kukhula: ngaphezu kuka-30% eminyakeni eyisikhombisa edlule, kuhlanganise no-5.6% ngo-2021," uyanezela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusho kukaKuznetsov, ezinyangeni eziyisishiyagalombili zokuqala zika-2022, ukukhiqizwa komanyolo othandwa kakhulu eRussia - i-nitrogen ne-phosphorus - kukhuphuke ngo-4.2% no-2%, ngokulandelana. Futhi ukuguquguquka okuphelele embonini, njengokulandelayo kusuka kudatha ye-Rosstat, kuvinjelwa ukwehla kokukhiqizwa kwe-potassium chloride - uhlobo lomanyolo olusetshenziswa kancane emakethe yasekhaya, kuchaza u-Kuznetsov.
“Ngokwalesi sizinda, kulindeleke ukuthi kulo nyaka ijubane lokuthengwa komanyolo wezimbiwa embonini yezolimo lidlule isibalo. Maphakathi no-Okthoba, amabhizinisi embonini acishe abe yi-100% ahlangabezane nesidingo se-Russian agro-industrial complex for mineral fertilizers unyaka wonke ka-2022. izifunda,” kusho uKuznetsov ku-Agroinvestor. Ngokusho kwakhe, manje, ngokuhambisana nezincomo ze-FAS, kuvunyelwene noMnyango Wezimboni Nezohwebo, uMnyango Wezolimo kanye noMnyango Wezokuthuthukiswa Komnotho, amanani aphansi omanyolo wamaminerali wezolimo anqunyelwe kuzinqubomgomo zohwebo zabakhiqizi. futhi ifakwe kumawebhusayithi abo asemthethweni. Izincomo okuvunyelenwe ngazo yiminyango zihlinzekela ukukhonjwa ngokwezigaba kwamanani aphansi ngo-2023: ngo-2022% kusukela ngoJuni 5, ngo-1-5% kusukela ngo-September 10 kanye no-1-8.4% kusukela ngoDisemba 8.6.
Ngokusho kukaDmitry Rylko, uMqondisi Jikelele we-Institute of Agricultural Market Conjuncture, akufanelekile ukubala ekukhuleni kokusetshenziswa kwasekhaya komanyolo wamaminerali: inzuzo yebhizinisi lezitshalo yehle kakhulu, kuyilapho amanani kamanyolo engahlali phezulu kuphela. amazinga, kodwa akhula ngenani lezikhundla. Futhi, izinguquko eziguquguqukayo ngeke zenzeke eziqondisweni zokuthekelisa, njengoba zonke izimakethe sezivele zakhiwe, nakuba ukulungiswa kabusha okulinganiselwe kwempahla kusaqhubeka, utshele i-Agroinvestor.
IPhini likamongameli weRussian Grain Union (RZS) u-Alexander Korbut ukholelwa ukuthi akhona amazwe afuna ukwandisa ukuthengwa kukamanyolo, kodwa umbuzo uthi “kumele abe nemali.” Abakhiqizi baseRussia bazokwazi ukungena ezimakethe ezintsha, kodwa kuthatha isikhathi. Okwamanje, unswinyo olungekho emthethweni luyasebenza futhi lunomthelela omubi ekuhlinzekweni okuya emazweni abathengi bendabuko, uyaphawula.
Ngokusho kukaKorbut, kukhona amathemba okukhula komhlaba wonke ekusetshenzisweni komanyolo: isivuno esikhulu siyadingeka, futhi ezimweni zemithombo yomhlaba elinganiselwe kanye nemithombo yamanzi, umhlaba akunakwenzeka ukuthi ukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle komanyolo wamaminerali emashumini eminyaka ezayo, naphezu kokuntuleka komanyolo wamaminerali. izinqubomgomo zezemvelo zamanye amazwe abambelela embonweni wokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwazo. Ukukhula kokusetshenziswa komanyolo kungenzeka naseRussia, kodwa ukusetshenziswa komanyolo wamaminerali wanamuhla kunqunywa izinga lezobuchwepheshe lamapulazi, futhi lokhu kudinga emisha enqunywa ukutshalwa kwezimali, okubuye kuncike emalini engenayo. "Futhi inqubomgomo yezwe yamanje mayelana nokukhiqizwa kwezitshalo, ikakhulukazi abakhiqizi bezinhlamvu nezimbewu zikawoyela, abanemikhawulo ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe kanye nemali engenayo yabakhiqizi bezolimo, ayibakhuthazi ngempela ukuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe," u-Korbut waphawula ku-Agroinvestor.
U-Alexander Nezhenets, uMqondisi Jikelele we-Progress agrofirm (Krasnodar Territory), uthi izindleko zezinye izinhlobo zomanyolo zikhuphuke kakhulu. Ikakhulukazi, i-ammophos manje ibiza ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-61.5/ton (ngo-2021, inkampani yathenga izinkathi ezimbili ezishibhile ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabili), kanti umanyolo we-nitrogen ukhuphuke ngentengo cishe ngama-20%, kuyilapho i-CAS ka-Okthoba imane ingakwazi uku-oda. Kodwa naphezu kwabo bonke ubunzima, uyaqhubeka, Intuthuko izokwandisa ukusetshenziswa komanyolo, njengoba inkampani ilwela isivuno esikhulu.
I-Tver Agro-Industrial Company ayikathengi umanyolo: ngonyaka odlule, wonke umuntu wathenga ekwindla, ngenxa yalokho kwaba khona ukushesha, futhi ezinye izinhlobo zomanyolo zazingenakwenzeka ukuthenga, kuyilapho entwasahlobo izinkinga ezinjalo zazingekho. isikhathi eside kubhekwe. “Umthamo wokufaka isicelo uncike ekutheni sizokwenzani ngokuhlwanyela: ngamanani amanje okusanhlamvu, cishe ngeke sikutshale entwasahlobo. Khona-ke, ngokufanelekile, umanyolo awudingeki, ”kuphetha uKonanykhin.
Umthombo: https://www.agroinvestor.ru/