Eminyakeni yamaSoviet, abaholi bezwe nezifunda babenaka kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kokubuyiselwa komhlaba. Kodwa-ke, ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, uhlelo lokunisela lwayeka ukusebenza, ukwakhiwa okusha nokulungiswa kwezinhlelo zokubuyisela kabusha kwamiswa, iningi lemishini yokufafaza yalahlwa.
Izigameko ezivamile zesomiso ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane entsha zasheshisa isixazululo sezinkinga zokunisela ngenkasa. Okuningi mayelana nalokhu - engxoxweni nomqondisi wesikhungo sesabelomali sikahulumeni sikahulumeni "Tatmeliovodkhoz" Mars Hismatullin.
- I-Mars Mansurovich, ukubuyiselwa komhlaba kubuyela ezinyaweni zakho futhi kuba ukhiye wokuthuthukiswa kwezolimo zasekhaya. Iriphabhulikhi yethu ibukeka kanjani ngokumelene nesizinda sezinye izifunda?
- Uhlelo lwe-melioration lwe-Tatarstan luhlonishwa nguMnyango Wezolimo waseRussia njengenye yezindawo ezihamba phambili ezweni. Kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, sinikeze amandla amahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-32 omhlaba oniselwayo, salungisa amachibi okwenziwa angaphezu kuka-480 kanye nezakhiwo ezisebenza ngamanzi ezakhiwe emuva ezinsukwini lapho imboni yokulungisa kabusha yayigadwe nguMongameli wokuqala wase-Tatarstan Mintimer Shaimiev.
I-Tatarstan iyindawo yezolimo eyingozi, futhi izinyathelo zokubuyiselwa komhlaba kuphela ezinganciphisa ngokuphelele noma ngokuphawulekayo lezi zingozi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-republic inezinzuzo eziningi ezibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni okuphumelelayo kokubuyiswa komhlaba, ezingatholakali kwezinye izifunda.
Okokuqala, lezi yimithombo yamanzi: sinemifula emikhulu nemincane engaba yizinkulungwane eziyi-10, kanye namachibi angaphezu kuka-880 kanye nezakhiwo ze-hydraulic ezakhiwe. Amadamu akhona enza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlinzeka ngenkasa endaweni engamahektha angaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-400.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, zonke izikhungo zokwakha kanye nesimiso sokuqeqesha izisebenzi eziqeqeshiwe ezibhekana nomsebenzi kuye kwalondolozwa eTatarstan. Inzuzo ephawulekayo futhi ukuba khona kwesitshalo semishini yokuchelela esifundeni saseVysokogorsky, esikhiqiza imishini yesimanje yokufafaza eyindilinga. U-Mars KHISMATULLIN, Umqondisi we-Federal State Budgetary Institution “Tatmeliovodkhoz Management”: Izinhlelo zesifunda nezombuso zokubuyiselwa komhlaba zingadambisa kakhulu umthwalo wezezimali wamapulazi.
- Singawuhlola kanjani umnikelo wabathuthukisi be-Tatarstan ekuqinisekiseni ukutholakala kokudla kanye nokutholakala kokudla?
– Zahlulele wena: ngo-2010 owomile, sasingenaso isivuno sazo zonke izitshalo, ikakhulukazi amazambane. IRiphabhulikhi yaphoqeleka ukuthi iyingenise eBelarus, esifundeni saseKirov nakwezinye izifunda zezwe. Unyaka ka-2021 wawufana kakhulu nezimo zezulu zango-2010, nokho, ngenxa yezinyathelo ezithathiwe ukuthuthukisa ukubuyiselwa komhlaba, i-Tatarstan yathola isivuno samazambane esanele ukuhlinzeka abantu bayo ngokugcwele. Isivuno sazo zonke ezinye izilimo ezindaweni eziniselwa ngenkasa sasiphakeme ngokuphindwe kathathu noma kane, futhi inani lezindleko lalingaphansi ngokuphindwe kabili kunokuvamile. Mayelana nezitshalo zokusanhlamvu ngonyaka odlule, ama-ruble angu-10-12 emikhiqizo eyengeziwe atholwe nge-ruble eyodwa yezindleko zokunisela, kanye nezitshalo zemifino - ngaphezu kwama-ruble angu-30-40.
– Ngokungangabazeki, ukuchelela kwandisa inzuzo yebhizinisi lezolimo izikhathi eziningana. Kodwa yini eyabangela ukuvuselelwa kanye nentuthuko yesimanje yokubuyiselwa komhlaba?
- Yebo, izinhlelo zokweseka ezingakaze zibonwe zamapulazi athuthukisa ukubuyiselwa komhlaba. E-Tatarstan, kunezinhlelo eziqondiswe kwi-republic kanye ne-federal ezikuvumela ukuthi uxhase kakhulu izindleko zamapulazi. Ebukhoneni bemibhalo yokuklama kanye nezilinganiso, amapulazi axhaswe kwisabelomali seRiphabhulikhi yaseTatarstan amaphesenti ayi-100 otshalomali ekwakhiweni nasekulungisweni kwezakhiwo ezisebenza ngogesi. Futhi lokhu kunikezwa kuphela eTatarstan.
Futhi, amaphesenti angama-70 ezindleko zokuthengwa kwemishini yokunisela nokumpompa, imithombo yokumba ixhaswa ngesabelomali seRiphabhulikhi, futhi amaphesenti angama-50 ezindleko zokubeka amapayipi anxeshezelwa ngaphansi kohlelo lukahulumeni. Izindleko zesikhathi esisodwa zokubuyiselwa komhlaba zingaphezu kokutholwa ngonyaka. Kufanele kucatshangelwe ukuthi uhlelo lokubuyisela luzosebenza okungenani iminyaka engu-20-25.
Izibalo ezilandelayo zibonisa kahle ukuthi kunenzuzo kangakanani kubalimi ukusebenza ngokunisela. Ihektha ngalinye lokunisela, uma lakhiwe kusukela ekuqaleni, libiza cishe ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-200. Uma kucatshangelwa uxhaso lwamaphesenti okungenani angama-70, izindleko zizoba ngama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-60. Futhi kusuka ehektheleni ngalinye lapho sikhula amazambane, ngokuya ngobuchwepheshe, sithola imikhiqizo eyengeziwe ngenani lama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-650.
Uma ibhizinisi lezolimo libeka okungenani amaphesenti ayishumi we-feed wedge ekucheleni, khona-ke lizozihlinzeka ngokudla kunoma yimuphi unyaka. Ngisho neminyaka eyomile njengo-2010 no-2021.
– Kungakanani okusanhlamvu kutshalwa eRiphabhulikhi ngokunisela?
– Ngokwazi kwami, kuseyingcosana. Owokuqala owafika engqondweni wayengumlimi wasesifundeni saseTukayevsky, iMintalip Minnikhanov. Ngonyaka odlule, ngokohlelo lwezitshalo ezishintshayo, amahektha angama-38 okusanhlamvu achelelwe. Kusukela ehektheleni ngalinye, uMinnikhanov wathola imikhiqizo ebiza ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-60, futhi inzuzo esele ngaphandle kwazo zonke izindleko yayifinyelela kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-50 ihektha ngalinye. Yilokho umnotho okusanhlamvu. Ngokuqondene namazambane nemifino, wathola ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-496 wemali engenayo evela ehektheleni, futhi ngokuvamile - cishe ama-ruble ayizigidi ezingu-32.
Labo asebevele “bazizamile” izinhlelo bazama ukuqhubeka nokuthuthuka emgqeni wokubuyiselwa komhlaba. Ikakhulukazi, uNasim Davletov, umlimi edolobhaneni Verkhny Takerman esifundeni Menzelinsky. Ukusebenzisa isibonelo sakhe, kungenzeka ngokucacile ukukhombisa ukuthi kungenzeka kwezomnotho ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokufafaza. Lapho enisela, wathola amaphesenti angama-80 amazambane athengiswayo - ama-quintals angama-350 ehektheleni ngalinye, okusele kuyinto encane, empeleni, okungafanelekile ngisho nokumba. Okufanayo nezaqathi: Ngathola ama-quintals angu-610 ehektheleni ngalinye lapho nginisela, futhi kuphela angu-64 ngaphandle kokunisela.
– UMintalip Minnikhanov, uNasim Davletov bangabalimi abaziwayo kulo lonke izwe. Futhi kulula kangakanani kubalimi abajwayelekile ukuthi “bangene” ezinhlelweni zikahulumeni? Kufanele sibe yini isikali somnotho ukuze ukhokhe izindleko zomsebenzi wokubuyisela kabusha?
– Isikali akunandaba. Ukuze ujoyine uhlelo, udinga umthombo wamanzi - umfula noma ichibi. Namuhla, cishe amaphesenti angama-80 amapulazi ayakwazi ukuthola amanzi kanye nekhono lokunisela okungenani izindawo ezithile. Ungakwazi ngisho nokubhoboza umthombo, kodwa ikuvumela ukuthi unisele ihektha elilodwa noma amabili kuphela.
Okulandelayo, udinga iphrojekthi. Ivamise uku-odwa eNkampanini yeTatmelioration Trust. Izisebenzi ezichwepheshile ezinjalo zisebenza lapho kangangokuthi ukuklama nokulinganisa imibhalo elungiselelwe yibo kuphumelele ukuhlolwa emazingeni e-federal kanye ne-republic ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Izindleko zemibhalo yephrojekthi, njengomthetho, zifinyelela cishe kumaphesenti amahlanu ezindleko zokwakha kanye nomsebenzi wokufaka esikhungweni, kuyilapho ingxenye yezindleko ixhaswa emapulazini ngaphakathi kohlaka lwezinhlelo ezihlosiwe.
Ngomklamo osewakhiwe kanye nemibhalo yezilinganiso, amapulazi angafaka isicelo sokubamba iqhaza ohlelweni. Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amabili ngisebenza emkhakheni wokubuyiselwa komhlaba futhi angikhumbuli icala lapho inkampani, enephrojekthi esele yenziwe, ingayisebenzisanga noma ukuthi othile "wayengavunyelwe" ohlelweni. Kodwa-ke, kule minyaka emibili edlule kube nokubambezeleka okwengeziwe kwe-bureaucratic - okokuqala ukukhethwa kwamaphrojekthi kwenziwa nguMnyango Wezolimo waseRussia, bese kuba uMnyango Wezolimo waseRiphabhulikhi… okuyinhloko engicabanga ukuthi uHulumeni uwasekela ngokuqondile amapulazi, uxhasa ngezindleko zawo, hhayi amabhange abolekisa ngemali.
Ngendlela, ukuklama nokulinganisa imibhalo kuyisibopho kuphela ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezinkulu zokubuyisela, futhi kwezinye izimo ungakwenza ngaphandle kwakho. Uma umuntu, ngokwesibonelo, enechibi eliseduze, kwanele ukuthenga iphampu yemoto, i-hose futhi ufake uhlelo lokunisela lokunisela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ochwepheshe bethu kuyodingeka bahlole - ukuthi imishini ekhethwe ipulazi inengqondo kangakanani ngokombono wezomnotho kanye nezimboni. Ngonyaka odlule, abalimi bamajikijolo abayishumi nambili bathenga imishini yokubuyisela kabusha yesistimu yokunisela ngamaconsi futhi babuyisela zonke izindleko ngesizini efanayo. Isibonelo, u-Ildar Sitdikov wasepulazini elithi "Berry Valley" esifundeni saseZelenodolsk uthola isivuno esihle ngokuchelela nge-drip - ama-ruble ayizigidi ezinhlanu ehektheleni ngalinye.
- Imiphi imisebenzi abathuthukisi baseTatarstan ababhekana nayo namuhla?
- Izinhlelo zekusasa zikhanya kakhulu - wonke amaphrojekthi ethu abalulekile akhethiwe. Ngaphakathi kohlaka lohlelo lwe-republic, ama-ruble ayizigidi eziyi-100 abelwe ukuthengwa kwemishini. Futhi kulo nyaka, ama-ruble ayizigidi ezingu-150 anikezwe kwisabelomali seRiphabhulikhi sokwakhiwa kabusha, ukwakhiwa nokulungiswa kwamachibi. Kodwa njengoba lo mkhawulo wawunganele, sacela uMongameli wethu imingcele eyengeziwe, futhi uRustam Nurgalievich (ngiyabonga kakhulu) akazange enqabe futhi wabela amanye ama-ruble ayizigidi ezingu-50. Ngakho-ke ngoDisemba, kuzoba nokunye ukukhethwa okwengeziwe kwezikhungo ezixhasa amaphesenti angama-50 ezindleko zokwakha inethiwekhi yokubuyisela kabusha ngamapayipi.
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