ICosta Rica inabalimi bekhofi abangaba ngu-43,000. Ngokusho koMnyango Wezolimo, ukukhiqizwa kwekhofi esifundeni esiseningizimu ye-Coto Brus, lapho isimo sabalimi sikhathaza kakhulu, kwehle ngo-50% kule minyaka engu-15 edlule ngenxa yokushintsha kwezomnotho nesimo sezulu.
Iningi labalimi bekhofi abangu-4,000 esifundeni bakhiqiza ngaphansi kwamahektha amahlanu lilinye, futhi umnotho wendawo - kanye nezinkulungwane zabasebenzi bezikhathi ezithile zonyaka abavela emiphakathini yomdabu yasePanama yaseNgäbe-Buglé - bathembele ekhofini njengomthombo wabo oyinhloko wemali engenayo. Kodwa Coffea arabicaukuzwela ku izinguquko ezingeni lokushisa, imvula, izinambuzane nezifo ukubeke engcupheni enkulu. Abalimi sebevele babhekene nomthelela wokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, njengokusabalala kwezifo zokukhunta ezitshalweni zabo kanye nemijikelezo yezimbali eshintshashintshayo.
Umthelela wesimo sezulu akuwona kuphela usongo abalimi ababhekene nalo. E-Costa Rica, e-Colombia, e-Guatemala nakwezinye izindawo, ukwehla kwezintengo zomhlaba kwenza kube nzima kubalimi abancane bekhofi ukuthi bahlale ebhizinisini. Njengoba isidingo sekhofi sikhulile, eqhutshwa izimakethe zase-Asia, ukukhiqizwa kuyakhula - ngokuvamile ezindaweni lapho izinto zokusebenza nezolimo zishibhile. Abakhiqizi abangaphandle kwe-Costa Rica nabo batshala kakhulu uhlobo lwekhofi olungabizi kakhulu, nekhwalithi ephansi ngamandla. Ngo-Agasti 2018, intengo ngephawundi yekhofi yehle ngaphansi kwe-$1, okuyinto, kubalimi abaningi emhlabeni jikelele, ayanele ukuhlukana. Yize lokhu kwehla kwakamuva kube kubi kakhulu, ukuhlukahluka emakethe yekhofi akukusha futhi kulimaza abalimi ngokuqhubekayo kunabanye abasohlwini lokuhlinzeka.
Ngengcindezi eyengeziwe yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, izinyathelo ezikhulayo zokuzivumelanisa nezimo azanele. Iqembu elincane labalimi abangosomabhizinisi e-Coto Brus basebenza kanzima ukuthola izixazululo ezintsha zokuvikela ikusasa labo - futhi baguqula okushiwo ukuba umlimi wekhofi kulesi sikhathi esisha.
Amandla Ahlangene Asiza Abalimi Babhekane Nokushintsha Kwesimo Sezulu
“Kubalulekile ukuvikela ingqikithi yokuba abakhiqizi bekhofi, kodwa futhi ukwazi ukuhlala etafuleni lebhizinisi,” kusho u-Armando Navarro, umlimi oneminyaka engu-44 ubudala e-Coto Brus.
U-Navarro uhola iqembu labalimi abayi-10, elibizwa nge-Exportaciones Aromas Coffee, abagqama ngosomabhizinisi kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha. Behlanganiswe intshiseko yabo efanayo yokuthola izixazululo ezintsha ezinsongweni zokulima ikhofi, abalimi basungula inhlangano eminyakeni emihlanu edlule. Basebenzisa inkundla yabo ukuya lapho abambalwa abalimi bekhofi e-Coto Brus abake badlula khona, futhi benza ubudlelwano obusha nohulumeni nezinkampani ezizimele. Phakathi kwezinto abazifezile iphrojekthi eyimfihlo yomphakathi yokwakha imboni yendawo yokucubungula ikhofi, ukufinyelela kumanani entengo ezitolo ezifana nomanyolo, uhlelo lokunikeza izitifiketi zamapulazi anemikhuba emihle yenhlalo nemvelo, kanye nobudlelwano bezinkampani obuzuzisa ngokufanayo.
Ukuxoxisana nabahlinzeki ngempahla yokukhiqiza njengomanyolo kusiza ukugcina izindleko zabalimi ziphansi. Njengoba amanani ekhofi ehla emhlabeni jikelele, ukuphatha izindleko zokukhiqiza emapulazini kubalulekile ukuze uhlale ebhizinisini.
Ukwenza Isimanje Nokuthengisa Emagqumeni Aluhlaza ase-Coto Brus
Kukhona ukuqashelwa okukhulayo phakathi kwabanye abalimi bekhofi e-Coto Brus ukuthi imodeli yendabuko yokukhiqiza (lapho umlimi ayisa isivuno sakhe enkampanini yendawo yekhofi noma ekuphrosesa, futhi angahlanganyeli ekucubunguleni noma ekukhangiseni) ayisenanzuzo abakhiqizi abaningi phakathi kokwehla kwezintengo zekhofi zamazwe ngamazwe. Ngesikhathi somhlangano wokucobelelana ngolwazi wakamuva wokuzivumelanisa nesimo sezulu, obuhlelwe yi-WRI kanye noMnyango Wezolimo, umkhuba osafufusa wenguquko wathola intshisekelo nokunakwa njengesinyathelo esibalulekile sokuzivumelanisa nezimo.
Abalimi be-Exportaciones Aromas Coffee bayazi ukuthi ukuhlala ekhofini, ukuhweba kubalulekile. Lokho kusho ukuxhumana ngokuqondile nabathumeli, abathengi kanye nabathengi ivelu eyengeziwe yekhofi yekhwalithi ephezulu, ukwethula izinqubo ezisimeme zemvelo nezenhlalo, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukulandeleka komkhiqizo womlimi ngamunye.
Ukubambisana kwabalimi nenkampani ethumela ikhofi kwamanye amazwe i-Cafinter kubasizile ukuthi bethule ukuchelela ngamaconsi ukuze bonge amanzi futhi bazame izinhlobo ezintsha zekhofi ezinezimfanelo ezikhethekile ezifana nokumelana nesimo sezulu noma amaphrofayili adingekayo.
Imboni yabo entsha yokucubungula, eyokuqala yohlobo lwayo ephethwe iqembu elincane, elizimele e-Costa Rica, iwumfanekiso ophelele wezinguquko ezenziwa e-Coto Brus. Lesi sitshalo sivumela umlimi ngamunye ukuthi acubungule ikhofi lakhe ngokwehlukana, athumele amasampula kwabathumela kwamanye amazwe, futhi axoxisane ngqo nabathengi. Ukulandelela amaqebelengwane ekhofi emuva emapulazini ngamanye, kanye nokuqeda abaphakathi nendawo, kuvumela abalimi ukuthi bathole amanani aphezulu ngokusekelwe kwikhwalithi yekhofi labo kanye nezinqubo zabo ezizinzile.
“Ngiyalithanda ipulazi lami,” kusho umlimi oneminyaka engu-31 ubudala kanye nelungu elihlangene u-Lainekel Zamora. “Kuhle kakhulu. Okufanele kwenziwe wukuzijwayeza, ubone ukuthi yiziphi izindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokukhiqiza nokudayisa. Umbono uwukuthumela imikhiqizo eqediwe ngendlela elandelekayo, nokuthi umthengi waseJapan angabona ngesixhumanisi ocingweni lakhe ukuthi lelo khofi livelaphi, ukuze bafunde ngomthelela walo kwezemvelo nezenhlalo. ”
Lokhu kuvikeleka kweholo elengeziwe kusiza ukukhulisa amandla abalimi okumelana nemithelela yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, okungalimaza izitshalo futhi kudle inzuzo. Kulaba balimi, ukwenza ngcono inzuzo kanye nokwakha isivimbeli sezomnotho ezikhathini ezinzima - kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusuka emvuleni ekhula ngokungalindelekile, amazinga okushisa aphakeme noma ukusabalala kwezinambuzane - kubalulekile.
Ukulima Kwekhofi Okuqhubekayo Kuzuzisa Umphakathi Wonke
Abaningi eCosta Rica banovalo lokuthi ukulima ikhofi okuvamile akusasebenzi. Intsha ishiya kakhulu ukulima ikhofi futhi imiphakathi yasemakhaya ibona ufuduko oluya emadolobheni. Izinqubo zamanoveli zabalimi base-Coto Brus ziwumzamo ohlangene wokushintsha ukutshalwa kwekhofi nezimo ezintsha nokudala amamodeli amabhizinisi azosimamisa imindeni yabalimi nemiphakathi ngisho nasesikhathini esizayo esingaqinisekile.
Ukuthuthukisa inzuzo yamapulazi abo akukona ukuphela komshayeli. Amalungu e-Exportaciones Aromas Coffee kanye nabanye abalimi esifundeni bavame ukukhuluma ngezizathu zenhlalo nezemvelo zemikhuba eqhubekayo. Abalimi abaningi kulesi sifunda baqinisekise amapulazi abo ngohlelo lukazwelonke olubizwa ngokuthi Programa Bandera Azúl Ecológica. Lolu hlelo lukhuthaza ukutshala ikhofi ngaphansi komthunzi wezihlahla ezihlukahlukene (ukuthuthukisa ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo, ukuvimbela ukuguguleka, ukulungisa i-nitrogen nokuvikela imithombo yamanzi), ukusebenzisa ukuhlaziya umhlabathi ukuze kusetshenziswe umanyolo ngendlela oyifisayo nokuvikela inhlabathi, ukubuyisela kabusha imfucumfucu ekhiqizwa emapulazini abo, kanye Okuningi.
Phakathi kwezinhlu zekhofi elitshalwe ngomthunzi, uZamora uyachaza, “Kunabantu abaningi abancike ezinqumweni zami ngepulazi. Imiphakathi yomdabu incike kakhulu kulo mnotho. Akukhona nje ngomndeni wami. Kufanele uqaphele futhi ucabange ngesibopho emphakathini. Ekupheleni kosuku, sifuna ukwengeza uhlamvu lwethu lwesihlabathi ukuze sishiye lo mhlaba kangcono kunalokho esikutholile.”
Ukujwayela Ezolimo Zihambisane Nokuguquguquka Kwesimo Sezulu Kudinga Ukuba Wonke Umuntu Abambe iqhaza
Amaqembu afana ne-Exportaciones Aromas Coffee abengeke aphumelele kangako ngaphandle kokwakhiwa kwamandla, izinsiza kanye nokufinyelela ezikhungweni ezibalulekile ezinikezwa yi-Costa Rica. Emhlanganweni wokucobelelana ngolwazi wokuzivumelanisa nesimo sezulu, owenzeka endaweni entsha yokucubungula yeqembu, abalimi bachaze abadlali abaningi ababambe iqhaza emkhakheni wekhofi waseCosta Rica. Kusukela ezikhungweni zezimali kuya kubacwaningi bekhofi, futhi kusukela kuma-NGO kuya kosolwazi bezolimo namahlathi kanye nabahleli bakahulumeni, ukusekelwa okutholakalayo kuyimpahla enkulu kubalimi abangena emigudwini emisha yokukhiqiza. I-Institute for Rural Development, i-Costa Rican Development Bank, kanye ne-Fundecooperación, isibonelo, ihlinzeka abalimi ngezibonelelo kanye nezimalimboleko zezikweletu eziphansi. I-National Coffee Institute (ICAFE) inikeza izithombo zekhofi ezibiza kancane, izexwayiso zangaphambi kwesikhathi zezinambuzane nezifo, futhi ihlola izinhlobo zekhofi ezintsha ensimini. UMnyango Wezolimo, kanye nama-extension agents awo ezweni lonke, wenza ukuqeqeshwa okubalulekile nosizo lwezobuchwepheshe kubalimi.
Lapho sibhekene nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu nezinye izinselelo, ukusebenza ngokubambisana kuhulumeni wonke, amabhizinisi kanye nezinhlangano zomphakathi. Ukubambisana kunganikeza isikhala sokusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nezamabhizinisi, futhi kuvumele izizukulwane ezintsha nezindala ukuthi zithuthuke.
“Akukacaci kithina ukuthi kuzokwenzekani ngo-2030,” kusho uNavarro. “Okuhle kakhulu esingakwenza ukuqhubeka nemikhuba emihle: samukele izinhlobo ezintsha [zekhofi], sithathe isinyathelo endaweni yokongiwa kwemvelo. Ziningi izinto ezingenziwa futhi yilokho esikwenzayo.”
Ucwaningo lwe-WRI emkhakheni wekhofi wase-Costa Rica kanye nomhlangano wokucobelelana ngolwazi lwakamuva lwenziwe lwaba nokwenzeka ngosizo oluvela ku-Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) yaseJalimane.
OKUSHIWO MHLELI, 9/26/19: Inguqulo yangaphambilini yale bhulogi ithe inhlangano yabalimi bekhofi e-Coto Brus inamalungu angu-16 futhi ibizwa nge-Centro Agrícola Cantonal. Siyilungisile ibhulogi ukuze sibonise ukuthi iqembu linamalungu asemthethweni angu-10 (kusukela ngo-September 2019), futhi libizwa nge-Exportaciones Aromas Coffee. Siyazisola ngephutha.
Umthombo: https://www.wri.org