Umbuzo ojwayelekile ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka uthi: “Sengiyenzile ukuhlola umhlabathi wami, futhi ithi kumele ngengeze inani elithile lemisoco. Ngingabona kanjani ukuthi imuphi umanyolo okufanele ngiwufake futhi ungakanani?”
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usebenzisa uhlobo lwe-organic noma lokwenziwa lomanyolo, imiqondo efanayo eyisisekelo iyasebenza ekubaleni ukuthi ungakanani umanyolo okufanele wengezwe ensimini. Umkhiqizo ngamunye womanyolo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukudla kwamathambo, i-Sustane, i-urea, noma omunye umkhiqizo we-organic noma wokwenziwa, uqukethe imisoco ethile yemisoco. Lokhu kugxila kufakwe kuhlu kulebula. Umsebenzi wakho ukunquma ukuthi yimuphi umanyolo ozowusebenzisa, nokuthi ungakanani, ngokusekelwe ezinhlosweni zepulazi lakho kanye nezimo zenhlabathi. Lesi sihloko sizochaza inqubo ngokuningiliziwe futhi sibonise izibalo eziyisisekelo ezidingekayo.
Uma usukwenzile lokhu futhi udinga nje ukuvuselela, nazi izinyathelo:
- Yazi ukugxila kwezakhi emhlabathini wakho
- Nquma ukuthi ungakanani umsoco ngamunye ozokwengeza, ngama-lbs/acre, namatafula ku- umhlahlandlela wokuphatha izakhi
- Nquma ukuthi yimuphi umkhiqizo ozowusebenzisa, ngokusekelwe enanini elihlobene lemisoco edingekayo
- Hlukanisa izincomo zomsoco ngengxenye yemisoco kumanyolo (Ama-Nutrient lbs / 0.__ = lbs per acre of fertilizer ukuze ufakwe)
Okokuqala, yazi amalebula kamanyolo: Izivundisi eziqukethe i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus (i-phosphate), ne-potassium (potash) zibala lezi zingxube njenge-NPK kulebula. Isibonelo, umanyolo obhalwe ukuthi 8-2-4 (umkhiqizo wemvelo ojwayelekile) u-8% we-nitrogen (N), u-2% we-phosphorus (P2O5) no-4% we-potassium (K2O). Umanyolo we-ammonium phosphate obhalwe ukuthi 16-20-0 uqukethe u-16% N, 20% P, kanye no-0% K. Umanyolo oqukethe esinye isakhamzimba esifana ne-calcium noma i-boron nawo uzobhala amaphesenti aleso sakhamzimba kulebula.
Ukuze kube lula, ngizobhekisela ku-phosphate (P2O5) njengo-P kanye ne-potash (K2O) njengo-K kuso sonke lesi sihloko.
Okwesibili, thola izidingo zomsoco zomhlabathi wakho: Uhlobo lomanyolo ozofakwa ngalo kufanele luncike ekugxilweni kwezakhi zomhlabathi wakho kanye nesitshalo ositshalile noma ohlose ukusitshala. Isibonelo, uma inhlabathi yakho ishoda nge-phosphorus (P) kodwa isivele iphezulu kakhulu ku-potassium (K), kufanele ukhethe umanyolo onomthamo ophezulu we-P kanye no-K omncane noma ongekho, njengokudla kwamathambo okungu-2-14-0. . Kungaba ukuhlakanipha okuncane ukufaka into efana nomanyolo we-8-2-4 kulokhu, ngoba lokho kuqukethe u-P omncane ohlobene no-K no-N.
Izitshalo ezehlukene zinezidingo zomsoco ezihluke kancane, ezibalwe ku Ukuphathwa Komsoco Wezithelo Zokuhweba Nezitshalo Zemifino E-Minnesota guide. Ngakho-ke, uma utshala izitshalo ezimbalwa ensimini efanayo, kungase kudingeke ukuthi uguqule ukufaka kwakho kukamanyolo ensimini kuye ngezitshalo.
Ukuthola ukuhlolwa kwenhlabathi elebhu efana ne Ilebhu yokuhlola inhlabathi yaseNyuvesi yaseMinnesota ikuvumela ukuthi wazi ukugxila kwamanje kwemisoco emhlabathini wakho nokuthi kufanele wengeze kangakanani. Umbiko wokuhlolwa kwenhlabathi uzoklelisa izakhi zamanje zomhlabathi wakho ngezingxenye Ngesigidi Ngesigidi (ppm). Izingxenye Ngesigidi ngasinye zingaguqulwa kalula zibe amaphawundi ngehektare ngalinye (lbs/acre). Eminye imibiko iphinda iklelise ukuthi mangaki ama-lbs/acre womsoco ngamunye ongawengeza ukuze uzuze amazinga anele ezakhi ezitshalweni zakho ezithile. Abanye ngeke, ngakho kuhle ukwazi ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani lokhu.
Okulandelayo, bala inani lesakhamzimba ngasinye esidingekayo: Ezimeni lapho ukuhlolwa kwenhlabathi kungafaki izincomo ze-lb/acre, kufanele ukubheke noma uzibale ngokwakho. Inani lesakhamzimba okufanele lisetshenziswe lincike emehlukweni phakathi kokuthi kungakanani (okushiwo ekuhlolweni kwenhlabathi) kanye nezinga eliphelele lezakhi zezitshalo zakho. \Ukunquma ukuthi singakanani isakhi esizosetshenziswa ngokusekelwe ekuhlolweni kwenhlabathi, landa futhi ubhekisele ku Ukuphathwa Komsoco Wezithelo Zokuhweba Nezitshalo Zemifino e-Minnesota.
Lo mhlahlandlela uthathe omunye umsebenzi ekubaleni izidingo zomsoco. Ihlinzeka ngamathebula abonisa ukuthi singakanani isakhi esiyinhloko ngasinye, ngamaphawundi ehektha ngalinye (lbs/acre), okufanele sisetshenziswe ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa kwenhlabathi. Sebenzisa lo mhlahlandlela ukuze usebenze ngesibonelo esilandelayo:Utamatisi kaKara: UKara ufuna ukutshala utamatisi ensimini yakhe ngesonto elizayo. Ukuhlolwa kwenhlabathi kaKara kubonisa ukuthi inhlabathi yensimu yakhe ino-10 ppm we-P ngokokuhlola kuka-Olsen. Udinga ukwazi ukuthi kufanele engeze i-P engakanani ukuze abe namazinga afanele e-phosphorus enhlabathini katamatisi.
Phenya kuThebula 29 ekhasini 22 lomhlahlandlela wokuphathwa kwezakhi oxhunywe ngenhla. Ngokwaleli thebula, uma inkambu ka-Kara iqukethe u-10 ppm we-P (Olsen), kufanele engeza u-100 lbs/acre we-P uma etshala utamatisi.Okulandelayo, uKara ubheka ukuhlolwa kwenhlabathi futhi, futhi kubonisa ukuthi inhlabathi yakhe iqukethe u-190 ppm we-potassium (K). Bheka iThebula 30 ekhasini 23 lomhlahlandlela. Ngokwethebula, uma insimu iqukethe u-190 ppm we-K, 50 lbs/acre ye-K kufanele sisetshenziswe uma ukhula utamatisi.
Ngemva kokunquma ukuthi ingakanani i-P ne-K okufanele ayifake, u-Kara usadinga ukwazi ukuthi ingakanani, uma ikhona, initrogen okufanele ayifake ensimini yakhe, ukuze anqume ukuthi yimuphi umanyolo we-NPK ongcono kakhulu. Kodwa izivivinyo eziningi zenhlabathi azinikezi i-ppm concentration ye-N. Kunalokho, zibala iphesenti lezinto eziphilayo (%OM), ezihlotshaniswa nezidingo zenhlabathi engu-N. Umhlabathi wezinto eziphilayo eziphakeme ngokuvamile udinga okokufaka kwe-N okuphansi konyaka kunenhlabathi eyisihlabathi. Umbiko kaKara ukhombisa i-%OM ka-6.9%.
Lokhu kuthathwa njengokuphakeme. Manje bheka iThebula 28 ekhasini 21 lomhlahlandlela. Ithi enhlabathini ephezulu engu-%OM, kufanele kufakwe ama-90 lbs/acre of N kumatamatisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, incoma ukusebenzisa uhhafu wale N ngaphambi kokutshala, kanye ne-1/2 emasontweni ambalwa kamuva lapho kuvela izithelo. Ngakho-ke, kufanele afake isicelo 45 lbs/acre ka-N entwasahlobo ngaphambi kokutshala.Ngakho, uKara kufanele afake ama-45 lbs/acre ka-N, 100 lbs/acre of P, kanye nama-50 lbs/acre ka-K.Bese, nquma ukuthi yimuphi umkhiqizo, futhi malini, ongawufaka
Isinyathelo esilandelayo siwukuthola ukuthi hlobo luni lukamanyolo okufanele lufakwe, futhi lungakanani, ngokusekelwe ezilinganisweni ze-NPK ezidingekayo. Ngezilinganiso ze-NPK azidingayo (45 lbs/acre N, 100 lbs/acre P, kanye nama-50 lbs/acre K), ezinye izinqumo ezinhle kuye kungaba umanyolo ongu-4-8-4 noma 10-20-10 ngoba U-Kara ungumlimi wezinto eziphilayo, ngakho unquma ukufaka umanyolo we-organic 4-8-4. Kodwa kumanyolo wokwenziwa we-10-20-10, izibalo ezifanayo zizosebenza ekunqumeni amanani okufaka isicelo.
Ukuze ubale ukuthi ungakanani umkhiqizo ongasebenza: Hlukanisa inani elinconyiwe lesakhamzimba osilibale ngaphambilini ngephesenti lesakhamzimba (isisekelo esiyingxenye) kumanyolo. Esibonelweni sethu, uKara angahlukanisa izincomo ze-P (100 lbs/acre) ngengxenye ka-P esikhwameni (8% ingaba 0.08):Isincomo sokudla okunomsoco / % umsoco emkhiqizweni ovezwe njengengxenye =100 / 0.08 = 1,250 lbsLokhu kusho ukuthi uKara uzodinga ukufaka isicelo 1,250 lbs/acre womanyolo we-4-8-4 ukuze anelise izidingo ze-phosphorus zezitshalo zakhe nomhlabathi.
Angakwazi futhi ukwenza lesi sibalo esifanayo se-N ne-K. Kodwa-ke, njengoba i-P iwumsoco okhawulela kakhulu enhlabathini yakhe, kuyasiza ukuyibala ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zikaP.1,250 lbs/acre inani elikhulu likamanyolo. faka isicelo. Uma uKara engasebenzisa umanyolo onomsoco ophezulu, njengo-10-20-10, kuzodingeka ukuthi afake u-500 lbs/acre womanyolo ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo ze-P zomhlabathi wakhe. Uma kufakwa umquba ensimini, lokhu kungase futhi kwehlise inani likamanyolo okufanele lifakwe.
Kodwa-ke, kuwumqondo omuhle ukunquma ukugcwala kwezakhi zomquba kuqala, ukubona ukuthi unomthelela ongakanani ezidingweni zomsoco. Qala lapha ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nokufakwa komquba.
Enye indlela: Ungase futhi ukhethe ukunquma amanani angempela esakhamzimba ngasinye esisindweni esinikeziwe somanyolo. Ukwenza lokhu, phindaphinda iphesenti lomsoco wesakhi ngasinye ngesisindo sikamanyolo bese uhlukanisa nge-100.
Isibonelo, ukunquma inani le-nitrogen yangempela (N) esikhwameni esingu-50 lb sika-4-8-4:50 X 4/100 = 2 lb we-N esikhwameni esingu-50 lb50 X 8/100 = 4 lbs we-P50 X 4/100 = 2 lbs we-KAEsinye isibonelo esivela ku- ziqondise: “Uma u-200 lb ka-8-32-16 esetshenziswa ihektare ngalinye, kuzosho ukuthi isamba semisoco esisetshenziswayo singaba ngu-16 lb N, 64 lb P2O5, kanye no-32 lb K2O.” Zijwayeze ukusebenzisa izibalo ezilula ezingenhla ukuze ubone ukuthi ungakwazi yini ukuthola izimpendulo ezifanayo.Kafushane, nazi izinyathelo eziyisisekelo zokubala amanani kamanyolo wezitshalo zezithelo nemifino:
- Yazi ukugxila kwezakhi emhlabathini wakho
- Nquma ukuthi ungakanani umsoco ngamunye ongawengeza, ngama-lbs/acre, namatafula akumhlahlandlela wokuphatha izakhi
- Nquma ukuthi yimuphi umkhiqizo ozowusebenzisa, ngokusekelwe enanini elihlobene lemisoco edingekayo
- Hlukanisa izincomo zomsoco ngengxenye yemisoco kumanyolo (Ama-Nutrient lbs / 0.__ = lbs per acre of fertilizer ukuze ufakwe)
U-Annie Klodd, Umfundisi Wezandiso - Ukukhiqiza Izithelo Nemifino, eNyuvesi yaseMinnesota